Vasectomy is the surgical procedure for male sterilisation. In this procedure, both vas deferens are cut and tied through a small incision on the scrotum to prevent the entry of sperm into the urethra. Vasectomy prevents sperm from heading off to penis as the discharge has no sperms in it.

GIFT - Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer
(i) Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube. In this the eggs are collected from the ovaries and placed with the sperms in one of the fallopian tubes.
(ii) The zygote travels toward the uterus and gets implanted in the inner lining of the uterus.

Menstrual cycles resume as early as 6 to 8 weeks from parturition. However, the reappearance of normal ovarian cycles may be delayed for six months during breastfeeding. This delay in ovarian cycles is called lactational amenorrhoea. It serves as a natural but an unreliable form of birth control.

1. Amniocentesis is the pre-natal diagnostic technique in which a sample of amniotic fluid from the womb of a pregnant woman is taken during early stages of embryonic development and the cells are cultured and analysed synthetically.
2. Any chromosomal disorder or a metabolic error can be detected and if necessary MTP can be advised.
3. But this technique is misused for knowing the sex of the foetus followed by female foeticide.
4. Female foeticide refers to aborting the female in the mother's womb.
5. In order to prevent female foeticide and infanticide, Government of India has taken various steps like PCPNDT Act .(preconception and prenatal diagnostic technique act-1994) enacted to ban the identification of sex and to prevent the use of prenatal diagnostic techniques for selective abortion.

The method I suggest is Artificial lnsemination Technique (AI)
1. In AI, the semen is collected either from the husband or a healthy donor and then artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI- Intra Uterine Insemination) of the female.
2. It is commonly used in cases where male partner are unable to inseminate the female due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculate.

Amniocentesis: It is a prenatal technique used to detect any chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus and it is being often misused to determine the sex of the foetus.
Once the sex of the foetus is known, there may be a chance of female foeticide. Hence a statutory ban on amniocentesis is imposed. 

Ultrasonography is usually performed in the first trimester for dating, determination of the number of foetuses, and for assessment of early pregnancy complications.

Cervical cancer is caused by a sexually transmitted virus called Human Papilloma virus (HPV). HPV may cause abnormal growth of cervical cells or cervical dysplasia.

Disease	Casual agent
Hepatitis-B	Hepatitis B virus
AIDS	HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

1. Avoid sex with unknown partner/multiple partner
2. Use condoms.
3. In case of doubt, consult a doctor for diagnosis and get complete treatment.

Foeticide	Infanticide
It refers to aborting the female in the mother's womb.	It refers to killing the female child after her birth

(a) ZIFT - Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer
(b) ICSI - Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are inserted by medical experts in the uterus through the vagina. These devices are available as copper releasing IUDs, hormone-releasing IUDs and nonmedicated IUDs. IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus. IUDs are the ideal contraceptives for females who want to delay pregnancy. It is one of the popular methods of contraception in India and has a success rate of 95 to 99%.
Copper releasing IUDs differ from each other by the amount of copper. Copper IUDs such as Cu T-380 A, Nova T, Cu 7, Cu T 380 Ag, Multiload 375, etc. release free copper and copper salts into the uterus and suppress sperm motility. They can remain in the uterus for five to ten years.
Hormone-releasing IUDs such as Progestasert and LNG - 20 are often called as intrauterine systems (IUS). They increase the viscosity of the cervical mucus and thereby prevent sperms from entering the cervix.
Non-medicated IUDs are made of plastic or stainless steel. Lippes loop is a double S-shaped plastic device.

Breast self examination and early diagnosis of cancer.
(i) Breast is divided into 4 quadrants and the center (Nipple) which is the 5th quadrant.
(ii) Each quadrant of the breast is felt for lumps using the palm of the opposite hand.
(iii) The examination is done in both lying down and standing positions, monthly once after the 1st week of menstrual cycle. This way if there are lumps or any deviation of the nipple to one side or any blood discharge from the nipple we can identify cancer at an early stage. Mammograms are done for women above the age of 40 years and for young girls and women below 40 years. Ultrasound of the breast aids in early diagnosis.