(a) Trees provide micro climate for crops and maintain O₂ - CO₂ balance atmospheric temperature & relative humidity
(b) Suitable for dry land where rainfall is minimum hence it is a good system for alternate land use pattern

Biochar is a long term method to store carbon. To increase plants ability to store more. carbon, plants are partly burnt such as crop waste, waste woods to become carbon-rich slow decomposing substances of material called Biochar. It is a kind of charcoal used as a soil amendment. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon and can endure in soil for thousands of years. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. (Heating biomass in a low oxygen environment) which arrests wood from complete burning. Biochar thus has the potential to help mitigate climate change via carbon sequestration. Independently, biochar, when added to the soil, can increase soil fertility of acidic soils, increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. It is a good method of preventing waste woods and logs getting decayed instead we can convert them into biochar thus converting them to carbon storage material.

In-situ conservation means conservation and management of genetic resources in their natural habitats. Here the plant or animal species are protected within the existing habitat. Forest trees, medicinal and aromatic plants under threat are conserved by this method. This is carried out by the community or by the State conservation which includes wildlife, National park, and Biosphere reserve. The ecologically unique and biodiversity-rich regions are legally protected as wildlife sanctuaries, National parks and Biosphere reserves. Megamalai, Sathyamangalam wildlife, Guindy and Periyar National park, and Western Ghats, Nilgiris, Agasthyamalai, and Gulf of Mannar are the biosphere reserves of Tamil Nadu.

Prosopis juliflora is used to arrest wind erosion and stabilize sand dunes on coastal and desert areas. It can absorb hazardous chemicals from soil and it is the main source of charcoal.

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is defined in the Kyoto protocol (2007) which provides project-based mechanisms with two objectives to prevent dangerous climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. CDM projects help countries to reduce or limit emissions and stimulate sustainable development.
An example of CDM project activity is the replacement of conventional electrification projects with solar panels or other energy efficient boilers. Such projects can earn Certified Emission Reduction (CER) with credits/scores, each equivalent to one tonne of CO₂, which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets

Ozone depletion in the stratosphere results in more UV radiations especially UV B radiations (shortwaves). UV B radiation destroys biomolecules (skin ageing) and damages living tissues. UV - C is the most damaging type of UV radiation, but it is completely filtered by the atmosphere (ozone layer). UV-a contributes 95% of UV radiation which causes tanning burning of skin and enhancing skin cancer. Hence the uniform ozone layer is critical for the wellbeing of life on earth.

(i) Coal based power plants, by the burning of fossil fuels for electricity generation.
(ii) Combustion of fuels in the engines of automobiles, commercial vehicles, and air planes contribute the most of global warming.
(iii) Agricultural practices like stubble burning result in emission of CO₂.

(i) Rise in global temperature which causes sea levels to rise as polar ice caps and glaciers begin to melt causing submergence of many coastal cities in many parts of the world.
(ii) There will be a drastic change in weather patterns bringing more floods or droughts in some areas.
(iii) Biological diversity may get modified, some species ranges get redefined. Tropics and sub-tropics may face the problem of decreased food production.

Most abundant gas - CO₂
Effect of CO₂ on the growth of plants
(i) Change in flowering seasons and pollinators
(ii) Change in Species distributional ranges
(iii) Species extinction
(iv) Low agricultural productivity in tropics
(v) Frequent heat waves (Weeds, pests, fungi need warmer temperature)
(vi) Increase of vectors and epidemics
(vii) Strong storms and intense flood damage
(viii) Water crisis and decreased irrigation

(i) They help for detailed floristic and faunistic studies
(ii) These groves provide a number of ecosystem services to the neighborhood like protecting watershed, fodder, medicinal plants and microclimate control