Given that
R₁ = 50 Ω
R₂ = 480 Ω
N₁ = 0.15 N
N₂ = 0.5 N
k₁ = 2.4 Sm^-1
k₂ = ?
we know that
k = cell constant/R
\(\therefore \ \frac{k_2}{k_1} = \frac{R_1}{R_2}\)
\(k_2 = k_1 \times \frac{R_1}{R_2}\)
= 2.4 Sm^-1 x 50 Ω/480 Ω
= 2.5 Sm^-1
\(\Lambda =\frac { k({ Sm }^{ -1 })\times { 10 }^{ -3 }(\text { gram equivalent) }^{ -1 }{ m }^{ 3 } }{ N } \)
\(\Lambda =\frac { 0.25\times { 10 }^{ -3 }(\text { gram equivalent) }^{ -1 }{ m }^{ 3 } }{ 0.5 } \)
Λ = 5 × 10^-4 Sm² gram equivalent^-1

Gomberg reaction :
Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with benzene in the presence of sodium hydroxide to give biphenyl. This reaction in known as the Gomberg reaction

Coupling reactions (or) p-hydroxyazobenzene, p-aminoazobenzene, 2-phenyl azo-4-methyl phenol:
Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with electron rich aromatic compounds like phenol, aniline to form brightly coloured azo compounds. Coupling generally occurs at the para position. If para position is occupied then coupling occurs at the ortho position. Coupling tendency is enhanced if an electron donating group is present at the para - position to -N₂CI- group. This is an electrophilic substitution.

Aryl fluorides and iodides cannot be prepared by direct halogenation and the cyano group cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine in chlorobenzene. For introducing such a halide group. cyano group -OH, NO₂, etc.. benzenediazonium chloride is a very good intermediate Diazo compounds obtained from the coupling reactions of diazonium salts are coloured and are used as dyes.

(i) In this case, hydrogen act as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant and the electrolyte is aqueous KOH maintained at 200^oC and 20-40 atm. Porous graphite electrode containing Ni and NiO serves as the inert electrodes.
(ii) Hydrogen and oxygen gases are bubbled through the anode and cathode, respectively.
Oxidation occurs at the anode:
\(2 \mathrm{H}_{2(\mathrm{~g})}+4 \mathrm{OH}_{(a q)}^{-} \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{(l)}+4 \mathrm{e}^{-}\)
Reduction occurs at the cathode:
\(\mathrm{O}_{2(\mathrm{~g})}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{(t)}+4 \mathrm{e}^{-} \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{OH}_{(\mathrm{aq})}^{-}\)
(iii) The overall reaction is \(2 \mathrm{H}_{2(\mathrm{~g})}+\mathrm{O}_{2(\mathrm{~g})} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{(1)}\)
(iv) The above reaction is the same as the hydrogen combustion reaction, however, they do not react directly ie., the oxidation and reduction reactions take place separately at the anode and cathode respectively like H₂-O₂ fuel cell. Other fuel cells like propane -O₂ and methane O₂ have also been developed.

(i) In lyophillic colloids or sols definite attractive force or affinity exists between dispersion medium and dispersed phase. Examples: sols of protein and starch. They are more stable and will not get precipitated easily. 
(ii) In a lyophobic colloids, no attractive force exists between the dispersed phase and dispersion medium. They are less stable and precipitated readily, but cannot be produced again by just adding the dispersion medium. 
Examples: sols of gold, silver, platinum and copper.

(i) A polymer containing two or more different kinds of monomer units is called a copolymer.
(ii) For example, SBR rubber(Buna-S) contains styrene and butadiene monomer units.
(iii) Copolymers have properties quite different from the homopolymers.
(iv) Mixture of styrene and 1,3 butadiene to form a copolymer (Buna -S)
Preparation of Buna-S:
It is a co-polymer. It is obtained by the polymerisation of buta -1,3 - diene and styrene in the ratio 3: 1 in the presence of sodium.

Anti fertility drugs are synthetic hormones that suppresses ovulation and fertilisation. They are used in birth control pills.
eg: Synthetic Oestrogen : Ethynylestradiol, Menstranol,
Synthetic Progestrone : Norethindrone, Norethynodrel etc.

(i) Ribonucleic acids are similar to DNA. Cells contain up to eight times high quantity of RNA than DNA. RNA is found in large amount in the cytoplasm and a lesser amount in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm it is mainly found in ribosomes and in the nucleus, it is found in nucleolus.
(ii) RNA molecules are classified according to their structure and function into three major types
i. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
ii. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
iii. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
rRNA:
rRNA is mainly found in cytoplasm and in ribosomes, which contain 60% RNA and 40% protein. Ribosomes are the sites at which protein synthesis takes place.
tRNA:
tRNA molecules have lowest molecular weight of all nucleic acids. They consist of 73 - 94 nucleotides in a single chain. The function of tRNA is to carry amino acids to the sites of protein synthesis on ribosomes.
mRNA:
mRNA is present in small quantity and very short lived. They are single stranded, and their synthesis takes place on DNA. The synthesis of mRNA from DNA strand is called transcription. mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. This process is known as translation.

\(\text {(a) }\left[\mathrm{Cr}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{6}\right]^{3+}:{ }_{24} \mathrm{Cr} \Rightarrow{ }_{18}[\mathrm{Ar}] 4 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{~d}^{4} \)
\({ }_{21} \mathrm{Cr}^{3+} \Rightarrow{ }_{18}[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{3}\)

(i) d²sp³ hybridisation (octahedral)
(ii) It has three unpaired electrons (n = 3)
(iii) So it is paramagnetic
(iv) Magnetic moment \(\left(\mu_{\mathrm{s}}\right)=\sqrt{\mathrm{n}(\mathrm{n}+2)} \mathrm{BM}\)
\(=\sqrt{3(3+2)}=\sqrt{15}=3.87 \mathrm{BM}\)
\((b) \ \left[\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CN})_{4}\right]^{2-:}{ }_{28} \mathrm{Ni} \Rightarrow[\mathrm{Ar}] 4 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{~d}^{8} ;{ }_{26} \mathrm{Ni}^{2+} \Rightarrow{ }_{18}[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{8}\)

(i) dsp² hybridisation
(ii) Geometry - square planar
(iii) No unpaired electrons- It is Diamagnetic
(iv) Magnetic moment (μ_s) = 0.

A drug is a substance that is used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient. (It is used for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention, cure/relief of a disease).

Faraday's first law of electrolysis:
The amount of the substance that undergoes oxidation or reduction at each electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the amount of electricity that passes through the cell.

S.no	Sol	Gel
(a)	The liquid state of collidal solution	The solid (or) semi solid stage of a colloidal solution.
(b)	Very low viscosity	Very high viscosity
(c)	It does not have definite structure.	It possesses definite structure.

(i) Many micro organisms (bacteria, fungi and moulds) produce certain chemicals which inhibit the growth or metabolism of some other micro organism. Such chemicals are called antibiotics.
(ii) Eg: Penicillin from the mould penicillium notatum

(i) Almost all carbohydrates are optically active as they contain one or more chiral carbons.
(ii) The number of optical isomers depends upon the number of chiral carbons (ie) 2ⁿ isomers, where n = total number of chiral carbons.
(iii) Glucose has \(4{ }^{\star} \)C; ∴ It has 2⁴ =16 isomers.

i) Rickets - Vitamin - D (Cholecalciferol - (D₃) Ergocalciferol - (D₂)
ii) Scurvy (bleeding gums) - vitamin - C (Ascorbic acid)

The best known examples of this type of isomerism occur for chromium chloride CrCI₃.6H₂O which may contain 4, 5, (or) 6 coordinated water molecules.
[Cr(H₂O)₄CI₂]Cl.2H₂O -Bright green
Tetraaquadichlorochromium(III)chloride dihydrate
[Cr(H₂O)₅CI]Cl₂.H₂O - grey-green
Pentaaquachlorochromium(III) chloride monohydrate
[Cr(H₂O)₆]CI₃ Violet
Hexaaquachromium (III) chloride 

\({ }_{22} \mathrm{Ti}-{ }_{18}[\mathrm{Ar}] 4 \mathrm{s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{d}^{2} / {}_{21}\mathrm{Sc}-{ }_{18}[\mathrm{Ar}] 4 \mathrm{~s}^{2} 3 \mathrm{~d} \)
\({ }_{22} \mathrm{Ti}^{3+}-{ }_{18}[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{1} /{ }_{18} \mathrm{Sc}^{3+}{ }_{18}[\mathrm{Ar}] 3 \mathrm{~d}^{0}\)
(i) In this complex the central metal ion is Ti³⁺, which has d¹ configuration. This single electron occupies one of the t_2g orbitals in the octahedral aqua ligand field. When white light falls on this complex the electron absorbs light and promotes itself to e_g level. The spectral data show the absorption maximum is at 20000 cm^-1 corresponding to the crystal field splitting energy \(\left(\Delta_{o}\right)\) 239.7 kJmol^-1. The transmitted colour associated with this absorption is purple and hence the complex appears purple in colour.
(ii) Thus in \(\left[\mathrm{Ti}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{3+} \mathrm{d}-\mathrm{d}\) transition takes place.
(iii) But in \(\left[\mathrm{Sc}\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)_{6}\right]^{3+} \mathrm{Sc}^{3+}\) has the outer electronic configuration of 3d⁰ where d-d transition is not possible and it is colourless.

1. Langmuir explained the action of catalyst in heterogeneous catalysed reactions based on adsorption. The reactant molecules are adsorbed on the catalyst surfaces, so this can also be called as contact catalysis.
2. According to this theory, various steps involved in a heterogeneous catalyse reaction are given as follows:
(i) Reactant molecules diffuse from bulk to the catalyst surface.
(ii) The reactant molecules are adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst.
(iii) The adsorbed reactant molecules are activated and form activated complex which is decomposed to form the products.
(iv) The product molecules are desorbed.
(v) The product diffuse away from the surface of the catalyst.

(i) Zeolites are microporous, crystalline, hydrated, alumino silicates, made of silicon and aluminium tetrahedra.
(ii) There are about 50 natural zeolites and 150 synthetic zeolites.
(iii) As silicon is tetravalent and aluminium is trivalent, the zeolite matrix carries extra negative charge.
(iv) To balance the negative charge, there are extra framework cations for example H⁺or Na⁺ons. Zeolites carrying protons are used as solid acids, catalysis and they are extensively used in the petrochemical industry for cracking heavy hydrocarbon fractions into gasoline, diesel, etc.,
(v) Zeolites carrying Na⁺ ions are used as basic catalysis.
(vi) One of the most important applications of zeolites is their shape selectivity.
(vii) In zeolites, the active sites namely protons are lying inside their pores. So, reactions occur only inside the pores of zeolites.
Reactant selectivity:
When bulkier molecules in a reactant mixture are prevented from reaching the active sites within the zeolite crystal, this selectivity is called reactant shape selectivity.
Transition state selectivity:
If the transition state of a reaction is large compared to the pore size of the zeolite, then no product will be formed.
Product selectivity:
It is encountered when certain product molecules one too big to diffuse out of the zeolite pores.

S.No	Reagents or Reaction	Primary amine RNH2	Secondary amine R2NH	Tertiary amine R3N
1.	Carbylamine reaction or with CHCl3/KOH	Carbylamine is formed (unpleasant smell)	-	-
2.	Mustard oil reaction or CS2/HgCl2 (Hoffmann's mustard oil test)	Alkyl isothiocyanate is formed (Mustard oil odour)	-	-
3.	HNO2 (or) NaNO2 / HCl	Alcohol is formed +H2	Yellow oily nitrosoamine is formed, insoluble in water. (Liberman's Test)	Forms nitrite in cold, soluble in water.
4.	CH3COCl	N-acetyl derivative is formed	N,N- diacetyl derivative is formed	-
5.	Diethyl oxalate Hoffmann's method	Solid oxamide is formed	Liquid oxamic ester is formed	-
6.	Benzene sulphonyl chloride in presence of excess. KOH (Hinsberg's reaction)	N- alkyl benzene sulphonamide is formed (soluble)	N, N - dialkyl benzene sulphonamide is formed (Insoluble).	-
7.	With RX	1 mol → 2o amine 2 mol → 3o amine 3 mol → Quarternary salt	1 mol → 3o amine 2 mol → Quarternary salt	1 mol → Quarternary salt

i) Molar conductivity
Given : C = 0.01 M;
\(\kappa=1.5 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~cm}^{-1} \)
\(=1.5 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~m}^{-1} \)
\(\lambda_{\text {cation }}^{0}=248.2 \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} \)
\(\lambda_{\text {anion }}^{0}=51.8 \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} \)
\(\Lambda_{m}^{0}=\frac{\kappa \times 10^{-3}}{C} \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~m}^{2} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} \)
\(=\frac{1.5 \times 10^{-2} \times 10^{-3}}{0.01} \)
\(=1.5 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~m}^{2} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\)
ii) \(\alpha=\frac{\Lambda_{m}}{\Lambda_{m}^{0}}\)
\(\Lambda_{\mathrm{m}}^{0}=\lambda_{\text {cation }}^{0}+\lambda_{\text {anion }}^{0} \)
\(=(248.2+51.8) \mathrm{S} \mathrm{cm}^{2} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} \)
\(=300 \mathrm{~S} \mathrm{~cm}^{2} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}\)
\(=300 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{Sm}^{2} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}  \)
\(\alpha =\frac{1.5 \times 10^{-3}}{300 \times 10^{-4}}=0.05\)
iii) \(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{a}} =\frac{\alpha^{2} \mathrm{C}}{1-\alpha} \)
\(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{a}} =\frac{(0.05)^{2} \times(0.01)}{1-0.05}=2.6 \times 10^{-5} \)
(or) 
\(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{a}} =\alpha^{2} \mathrm{C}  \)
\(=(0.05)^{2} \times(0.01)  \)
\(\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{a}} =2.5 \times 10^{-5}\)

Hoffmann's bromide reaction:
When Amides are treated with bromine in the presence of aqueous or ethanolic solution of KOH, primary amines with one carbon atom less than the parent amides are obtained.
\(\underset { \quad \quad \quad amide\\ R=Alkyl(or)Aryl }{ R-\overset { \underset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ NH }_{ 2 } } \overset { { Br }_{ 2 }/KOH }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { Primary\quad amine }{ R-{ NH }_{ 2 }+{ K }_{ 2 }{ CO }_{ 3 } } +KBr+{ H }_{ 2 }O\)
(ii) Hoffmann's ammonolysis:
When Alkyl halides (or) benzylhalides are heated with alcoholic ammonia in a sealed tube, mixtures of 1°, 2° and 3° amines and quaternary ammonium salts are obtained.
\( { CH }_{ 3 }-Br\overset { \ddot { N } { H }_{ 3 } }{ \underset { \Delta }{ \longrightarrow } } \underset { { 1 }^{ 0 }-amine }{ { CH }_{ 3 }-\ddot { N } { H }_{ 2 } } \overset { { CH }_{ 3 }-Br }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { { 3 }^{ o }-amine }{ \left( { CH }_{ 3 } \right) _{ 2 }\ddot { N } H } \overset { { CH }_{ 3 }Br }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { 3^{ o }-amine }{ \left( { { CH }_{ 3 } } \right) _{ 3 }\ddot { N } } \overset { CH_{ 3 }Br }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { Quartenary \ ammonium\ bromide }{ \left( { CH }_{ 3 } \right) _{ 4 }\overset { + }{ N } { Br }^{ - } } \) 
This is a nucleophilic substitution, the halide ion of alkyl halide is substituted by the -NH₂ group. The product primary amine so formed can also has a tendency to act as a nucleophile and hence if excess alkyl halide is taken, further nucleophilic substitution takes place leading to the formation of quarternary ammonium salt. However, if the process is carried out with excess ammonia, primary amine is obtained as the major product. The order of reactivity of alkylhalides with amines
RI > RBr > RCl
(iii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis:
Gabriel synthesis is used for the preparation of Aliphatic primary amines. Phthalimide on treatment with ethanolic KOH forms potassium salt of phthalimide which on heating with alkyl halide followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives primary amine. Aniline cannot be prepared by this method because the arylhalides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide.

(iv) Schotten - Baumann reaction :
Aniline reacts with benzoylchloride (C₆H₅COCI) in the presence of NaOH to give N - phenyl benzamide. This reaction is known as Schotten - Baumann reaction. The acylation and benzoylation are nucleophilic substitutions.
\(\underset { Aniline }{ { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }-{ NH }_{ 2 } } +\underset { Benzoyl\quad chloride }{ { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }-\overset { \underset { || }{ O } }{ C } -Cl } \overset { Pyridine }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { N-phenyl\quad benzamide }{ { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }-NH-\overset { \underset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 } } +HCl\)
(v) Carbylamine reaction :
Aliphatic (or) aromatic primary amines react with: chloroform and alcoholic KOH to give isocyanides (carbylamines), which has an unpleasant smell. This reaction is known as carbylamines test. This test used to identify the primary amines.
\(\underset { Ethylamine }{ { C }_{ 2 }{ H }_{ 5 }-{ NH }_{ 2 } } +\underset { Chloroform }{ { CHCl }_{ 3 }+3KOH } \longrightarrow \underset { Ethylisocyanide }{ { C }_{ 2 }{ H }_{ 5 }-NC } +3KCl+3{ H }_{ 2 }O\)
(vi) Mustard oil reaction:
(a) When primary amines are treated with carbon disulphide (CS₂), N - alkyldithio carbonic acid is formed which on subsequent treatment with HgCI₂, gives an alkyl isothiocyanate.


(b) When aniline is treated with carbon disulphide, or heated together, S-diphenylthio urea is formed, which on boiling with strong HCI, phenyl isothiocyanate (phenyl mustard oil), is formed.

These reactions are known as Hofmann - Mustard oil reaction. This test is used to identify the primary amines.
(vii) Coupling reactions (or) p-hydroxyazobenzene, p-aminoazobenzene, 2-phenyl azo-4-methyl phenol:
Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with electron rich aromatic compounds like phenol, aniline to form brightly coloured azo compounds. Coupling generally occurs at the para position. If para position is occupied then coupling occurs at the ortho position. Coupling tendency is enhanced if an electron donating group is present at the para - position to -N₂CI- group. This is an electrophilic substitution.

Aryl fluorides and iodides cannot be prepared by direct halogenation and the cyano group cannot be introduced by nucleophilic substitution of chlorine in chlorobenzene. For introducing such a halide group. cyano group -OH, NO₂, etc.. benzenediazonium chloride is a very good intermediate Diazo compounds obtained from the coupling reactions of diazonium salts are coloured and are used as dyes.
(viii) Diazotisation :
Aniline reacts with nitrous acid at low temperature (273 - 278 K) to give benzene. Diazonium chloride which is stable for a short time and slowly decomposes even at low temperatures.This reaction is known as diazotization

(ix) Gomberg reaction :
Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with benzene in the presence of sodium hydroxide to give biphenyl. This reaction in known as the Gomberg reaction

Narcotic drugs: [Opioids]
(i) These are narcotic analgesics. These relieve pain and produce sleep. These drugs are addictive. In poisonous dose, these produces coma and ultimately death.
(ii) They are used for either short-term or long term relief of severe pains. They are mainly used for post operative pain, pain of terminal cancer.
(iii) Eg: Morphine, Codeine
Non-narcotic drugs:
(i) These are non- narcotic analgesics. These reduce the pain without causing impairment of consciousness.
(ii) They alleviate pain by reducing local inflammatory responses.
(iii) These are used for short-term pain relief and for modest pain like headache, muscle strain, bruising or arthritis.
(iv) These drugs have many other effects such as reducing fever (antipyretic) and preventing platelet coagulation (eg. aspirin).
(v) These reduce fever by causing the hypothalamus to over ride a prostaglandin - induced increase in temperature.
(vi) Eg. Aspirin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen. There are two types in it.
a) Anti inflammatory: eg: Aspirin, Paracetamol
b) Non steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs: (NSAIDs) eg: Ibuprofen

(i) To understand how a soap works as a cleansing agent, let us consider sodium palmitate an example of a soap. The cleansing action of soap is directly related to the structure of carboxylate ions (palmitate ion) present in soap. The structure of palmitate exhibit dual polarity. The hydrocarbon portion is non polar and the carboxyl portion is polar.

(ii) The nonpolar portion is hydrophobic while the polar end is hydrophilic. The hydrophobic hydro carbon portion is soluble in oils and greases, but not in water. The hydrophilic carboxylate group is soluble in water.
(iii) The dirt in the cloth is due to the presence of dust particles intact or grease which stick. When the soap is added to an oily or greasy part of the cloth, the hydrocarbon part of the soap dissolve in the grease, leaving the negatively charged carboxylate end exposed on the grease surface.
(iv) At the same time the negatively charged carboxylate groups are strongly attracted by water, thus leading to the formation of small droplets called micelles and grease is floated away from the solid object. When the water is rinsed away, the grease goes with it. As a result, the cloth gets free from dirt and the droplets are washed away with water. The micelles do not combine into large drops because their surfaces are all negatively charged and repel each other. The cleansing ability of a soap depends upon its tendency to act as a emulsifying agent between water and water insoluble greases.

The cleansing action of detergents are similar to cleansing action of soap. Eg: the structure of a cationic detergents is:

(i) The amino acids are linked covalently by peptide bonds. The carboxyl group of the first amino acid react with the amino group of the second amino acid to give an amide linkage between these amino acids. This amide linkage is called peptide bond. The resulting compound is called a dipeptide. Addition an another amino acid to this dipeptide a second peptide bond results in tripeptide.

(ii) Thus we can generate tetra peptide, penta peptide etc... When you have more number of amino acids linked this way you get a polypeptide. If the number of amino acids are less it is called as a polypeptide, if it has large number of amino acids (and preferably has a function) then it is called a protein.
(iii) The amino end of the peptide is known as N - terminal or amino terminal while the carboxy end is called C-terminal or carboxy terminal. In general protein sequences are written from N-Terminal to C-Terminal.The atoms other than the side chains (R-groups) are called main chain or the back bone of the polypeptide.

Watson & Crick proposed a 3-dimensional secondary structure of DNA. In this DNA molecule, Monomners of DNA are held together by Phosphodiester linkage. This linkages are occured in 5' & 3' carbon atoms of Pentose sugar.

S. No	Double salts	Co-ordination compound
1.	They usually contain two simple salt in equimolar proportions	The simple salts from which they are formed may or may not be in equimolar proportion.
2.	They exists only in the solid state. In aqueous solution they dissociate completely into ions.	They exist in the solid state as well as in aqueous solution. This is because even in solution, the complex ion does not dissociate into ions.
3.	They are ionic compounds and do not contain any co-ordinate bond.	They may or may not be ion but the complex part always contain coordinate bonds
4.	The properties of the double salts are same as those of its constituent compounds.	The properties of the coordination compounds are different for its constituent bonds.
5.	In a double salt, the metal ion show their normal valency.	In a coordinate compound the metal ion satisfies its two types of valence called primary & secondary valenices.
6.	A double salt loses its identity and dissociates into its constitute simple ions in solution.	The complex ion does not lose its identity and never dissociate to give simple ions.
	Example: FeSO4 (NH4)2 SO4.6H2O	Example: K4[Fe(CN)6), K3[Fe(SCN)6)

Scattering of light

dispersion medium-gas
dispersed phase-liquid

mg = ZIt
\(= \frac{40 \times 3.86 \times 2500}{2 \times 96500} = 2g\)
(∵ t = 41 min 40 sec = 2500 seconds & \(Z = \frac{m}{n \times 96500} = \frac{40}{x \times 96500})\)

7MnO₄^- + 5e^- → Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O
5 moles of electrons i.e., 5F charge is required.

Option (a) and (b) -geometrical isomerism is possible
Option (c) - ionization isomerism is possible
Option (d) - no possibility to show either constitutional isomerism or stereo isomerism