Invertase or sucrose :
\(\underset { Sucrose }{ { C }_{ 12 }{ H }_{ 22 }{ O }_{ 11 } } +{ H }_{ 2 }O\overset { Invertase }{ \underset { orSucrose }{ \longrightarrow } } \underset { Glucose }{ { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 } } +\underset { Frutose }{ { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 } } \)

Glucose is known as dextrose because it occurs in nature as the optically active dextrorotatory isomer.

(i) D isomer
(ii) Lisomer

(a) C₄ carbon of the given sugar contains H and OH on the same configuration like C₄ carbon in L-Glyceraldehyde. Therefore the sugar is L-sugar.
(b) Because the H and OH on C₄ carbon are in the same configuration as the Hand OH on C₄ carbon in L-Glyceraldehyde

Vitamins are classified into two groups based on their solubility in water or in fat.
(a) Fat soluble vitamins:
These vitamins absorbed best when taken with fatty food and are stored in fatty tissues and livers. These vitamins do not dissolve in water. Hence they are called fat soluble vitamins. Vitamin A, D, E & K are fatsoluble vitamins.
(b) Water soluble vitamins:
Vitamins B (B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₉ & B12) and C are readily soluble in water. On the contrary to fat soluble vitamins, these can't be stored. The excess vitamins present will be excreted through urine and are not stored in our body. Hence, these two vitamins should be supplied regularly to our body.

a) (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

b) α - Kelatin is soluble in water

(i) Starch is a polysaccharide in which a large number of monosaccharide units are linked to each other by oxide bridges and these linkages are called glycosidic linkages. General formula of starch is (C₆H₁₀O₅)n
(ii) It is a white amorphous substance with no taste or smell.
(iii) Starch get hydrolysed to give monosaccharides.
\(\underset { Starch }{ \left( { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 10 }{ O }_{ 5 } \right) } +n{ H }_{ 2 }O\overset { { H }^{ + } }{ \longrightarrow } \underset { glucose }{ { nC }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 12 }{ O }_{ 6 } } \)

Glucose gets oxidized to gluconic acid with mild oxidizing agents like bromine water suggesting that the carbonyl group is an aldehyde group.

(i) The bond formed between two amino acids by the elimination of a water molecule is called peptide linkage or bond
(ii) The amino group of one amino acid and a carboxyl group of other amino acid undergoes condensation to remove a water molecule and it results in the formation of bond.

(iii) The product formed by linking amino acid molecules through peptide linkages is called a peptide.
(iv) In peptide formation the two different amino acid molecules may react in one of the two ways.
\({ NH }_{ 2 }-{ CH }_{ 2 }-COOH+{ H }_{ 2 }N-\overset { \underset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ CH } -COOH\longrightarrow { H }_{ 2 }N-{ CH }_{ 2 }-CO-NH-\overset { \underset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ CH } -COOH\) 
\({ H }_{ 2 }N-\underset { Alanine }{ \overset { \underset { | }{ \overset { Glycine }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } } }{ CH } } -COOH+{ H }_{ 2 }N-\underset { Glycine }{ { CH }_{ 2 } } -COOH\longrightarrow \underset { Alanyl\quad glycine\quad (Dipeptide) }{ { H }_{ 2 }N-\overset { \underset { | }{ { CH }_{ 3 } } }{ CH } -CO-NH } -{ CH }_{ 2 }COOH\)