CCl₃ - NO₂ (trichloronitro. methane) is Chloropicrin.

(A) CH₃COOH - Acetic acid
(B) CH₃CH₂OH - Ethanol
CH₃CH₂ - NO₂

On the other hand, the acid or base hydrolysis of ethyl nitrite gives ethanol.

Primary and secondary nitroalkanes, having α-H , also show an equilibrium mixture of two tautomers namely nitro - and aci - form.

a) Primary and secondary nitroalkanes, having α-H, also show an equilibrium mixture of two tautomers namely nitro - and aci - form

b) Difference:

(i) Nitroethane exhibits tautomerism of nitro form and aci form. Aciform of nitroethane contains (α - Hydrogen) replaceable hydrogen atom. Hence it dissolves in sodium hydroxide solution forming salt like compounds.

(ii) CH₃CH₂NO₂ has two a-hydrogen and that reacts with HNO₂
(iii) 2-methyl - 2 - nitro propane neither soluble in alkali nor reacts with nitrous acid. Because it contains a tertiary nitro group where aciform is not possible and . it does not contain α - H atoms. So it has neither of the properties.

(i) CH₃CN (Methyl cyanide) on reduction gives CH₃CH₂NH₂ (ethylamine) because addition of hydrogen takes place at ≡ CN
\({ CH }_{ 2 }-C\equiv N\xrightarrow [ 4H ]{ { LiAH }_{ 4 } } { \underset { Ethylamine\\ (Primary\quad amine) }{ { CH }_{ 3 }-{ CH }_{ 2 }{ NH }_{ 2 } } }\)
Whereas CH₃NC (Methyl isocyanide) on reduction with LiAlH₄ gives secondary amine
\({ CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { | }{ H } }{ N } -{ CH }_{ 3 }\)

In methyl cyanide, -CN group is attached to alkyl group and by reduction it gives a primary amine wherease in methyl isocyanide -NC group is attached to alkyl group and by reduction it gives a secondary amine.
(ii) (CH₃)₂ NH (Secondary amine) requires 2 moles of CH₃I to give a quaternary salt (crystalline product) whereas (CH₃)₂N (tertiary amine) require only one mole of CH₃I to give the same quaternary salt. It is due to the number of alkyl groups present in amines.
\(\underset { Secondary \ anmine }{ { ( }{ CH }_{ 3 })_{ 2 }-NH+{ 2CH }_{ 3 }I } \rightarrow { { [(CH }_{ 3 })_{ 4 }N] }^{ + }\underset { Tetramethy\\ ammonium \ iodide }{ { I }^{ - } } \)
(iii) Nitration of aniline with cone. HNO₃ results in the formation of m-nitro aniline because nitric acid is a strong acid. It protonates aniline forming anilinium ion C₆H₅NH3+ because of positive charge on nitrogen, it is meta directive and -NO₂ group is substituted at meta position.

(iv) p-Toluidine contains a methyl group which has +I effect (electron withdrawing group and due to this, p-toluidine is a stronger base than p-nitro aniline in which the nitro group is less reactive and it deactivate the benzene rin make it a less basic

Aniline does not undergo Friedel - Craft's reaction:
Aniline does not undergo Friedel - Craft's reaction (alkylation and acetylation). Aniline is basic in nature and it donates its lone pair of electrons to the lewis acid AlCl₃ to form an adduct which inhibits further electrophilic substitution reaction.
Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines:
This is due to resonance
Resonance Structure:
The stability of arene diazonium salt is due to the dispersal of the positive charge over the benzene ring.

pK_b of aniline is more than that of methylamine:
pK_b - methylamine -3.35
pK_b - aniline -9.376
In aniline the lone pair of electrons on N - atom is delocalized over the benzene ring. So, the electron density on the N - atom decreases. In methylamine + 1 effect to CH₃ group increases the electron density on the nitrogen atom Hence aniline is a weaker base than methylamine. Due to this, the pK_b value for aniline is more than that of methylamine.
(iv) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines:
In this method alkyl halides react with pottassium phthalimide to give pure primary amine by nucleophilic substitution. In contrast, Aniline (Aromatic primary amine) can not be prepared by this method because Aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide. Therefore, this method used for the Aliphatic primary. amines only. Aryl halides do not undergo S_N2 mechanism with the ion formed by the phthalimide.
(v) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not:
(a) Ethylamine is soluble in water, as it can form intermolecular H - bonds with water molecules. In aqueous solution, the substituted ammonium cation get stabilized not only by electron releasing (+I) effect of the alkyl group but also by solvation with water molecules. The greater the size of the ion, the lower will be the solvation.
(b) Amiline doesn't form H - bond with water to a very large extent due to the presence of a large hydrophobic -C₆H₅ group.
(vi) Amines are more basic than amides:
This is because, in amides, the carbonyl group is highly electro negative It has a greater power to attract the electrons towards it. It makes the lone pair of electrons on amide nitrogen (-CONH₂) less available to accept a proton.
(vii) Although amino group is o - and p - directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m - nitro aniline:
In strong acid medium, aniline is protonated to form anilinium ion which is m - directing and hence m - nitro aniline is formed.
 

(i) A - C₆H₅NO₂ - Nitro benzene
(ii) B - C₆H₅NH₂ - Aniline
(iii) C - C₆H₅NC - Phenyl Carbylamine

(i) p-nitroaniline is prepared from aniline in three stages as follows:

(ii) 
 

(i) The nitriles containing a-hydrogen also undergo condensation with esters in the presence of sodamide in ether to form ketonitriles.
(ii) This reaction is known as "Levine and hauser" acetylation.
(iii) This reaction involves replacement of ethoxy (OC₂H₅) group by methylnitrile (-CH₂CN) group and is called as cyanomethylation reaction.