One of the way by which consumers are being exploited is 'Artificial Scarcity'. In milk books and in cinema house use find 'No Stock' and 'House full' board outside. But milk and cinema tickets are available at a higher price in the black market.

Under section 2(1)d "Consumer means any person who buys any goods or avails services for personal use, for a consideration".

Caveat venditor means "let the seller beware," by which goods are covered by an implied warranty of merchantability. Unless otherwise advertised (for example, "sold as is") or negotiated with the buyer, nearly all consumer products are guaranteed to work, if used for their intended purpose.

"Consumerisms is an attempt to enhance the rights and powers by buyers in relation to sellers"- L. Massie

A consumer is one who consumes goods manufactured and sold by others or created by nature (air, water and natural resources) and sold by others.One who avails services such as banking, transport, insurance, etc. is also called consumer.

The following basic structure of functioning is recommended:
(i) Monthly meetings and demonstrations for one hour after school hours on the First Thursday of each month. Each month a topic/activity may be scheduled as in the model calendar.
(ii) Days of National and International importance to consumers may be celebrated in the School/College. Poster/ Speech / Essay competitions can be organised at school level by the Consumer Club to sensitise the students on the importance of the day.
(iii) Field visits to local markets / Consumer Courts and door to door campaign in the local community etc., may be organized for at least 4 days in a year. It can be done on Saturdays with prior arrangement.
(iv) Minutes of each activity have to be recorded by the Student and Teacher Co-ordinator jointly as properly document.

(i) The Indian Contract Act, 1982 was passed to bind the people on the promise made in the contract.
(ii) The Sale of Goods Act, 1930: This Act protects consumers against sellers not complying with expressed and implied warranties in the sale contract.
(iii) The Agricultural Products Grading and Marketing Act, 1937 ensures the supply of agricultural commodities at high quality.

i) Government should assure an active role in safeguarding the consumers.
ii) Government both the central and the state have brought out a number of legislations to protect the interest of consumers across the country.
iii) Despite the existence of legal system to protect the consumers, consumers in India are still illiterate and passive.
iv) Law enforcement authorities should see that penal clause is not mere paper jaws they should string the offenders mercilessly. 

(i) There are certain situations where the shop-keepers put up the board 'No Stock' in front of their shops, even though there is plenty of stock in the store.
(ii) In such situations consumers who are desperate to buy such goods have to pay hefty price to buy those goods and thus earning more profit unconscientiously.
(iii) Even in Cinema houses, board may hang in the main entrance 'House Full' while cinema tickets will be freely available at a higher price in the black market.

The Indian contract Act, 1872
(i) The sale of goods Act, 1930
(ii) The Essential commodities Act, 1955
(iii) The Agricultural Products Grading and Marketing Act, 1937
(iv) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954
(v) Weight and Measures Act, 1976
 

Origin: 
(i) In the beginning of 20th century industrial economy reached a boom state
(ii) The early 20th century marked a period of reform and expansion in many areas as well.
(iii) Industrial reform for consumers would be an answerable to inconsistencies that existed between product, price and consumer satisfaction.
Evolution of Consumerism:
(i) The major causes of consumerism in India have been identified as rising prices, poor product performance and service quality, product shortages and deceptive advertising and inflation.
(ii) Government has been very responsive to the consumer needs through legislative actions.
(iii) Economic discontent has been generated out of spiralling inflation.
Growth:
(i) Consumerism or consumer movement is an outcome of sufferings, and exploitations of consumers.
(ii) It intends to shield the consumers from commercial terrorism and exploitative practices.
(iii) Its aim is to safeguard their interests by establishing their rights and powers in relation to products and sellers.

(i) It is the social force protecting the consumer and aiding the consumer.
(ii) Consumerism is the society's attempt to bring back the balance in the exchange between the buyers and sellers as the strength of power is normally in favour of sellers rather than buyers.
(iii) Producers, sellers and service providers give importance to the consumers.
(iv) In a sense every one of us is a consumer. It may be individuals, families and institutions.
(v) they consume a variety of products and avail a number of services almost everyday

(Objectives of United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection)
i) To assist countries in achieving or maintaining adequate protection for their population as consumers.
ii) To facilitate production and distribution patterns responsive to the needs and desires of consumers.
iii) To encourage high levels of ethical conduct for those engaged in the production and distribution of goods and services to consumers.
iv) To assist countries in curbing abusive business practices by all enterprises at the national and international levels which adversely affect consumers.
v) To facilitate the developing of independent consumer groups
vi)To further international co-operation in the field of consumer protection.
vii) To encourage the development of market conditions which provide consumers with greater choice at lower prices.

(i) Avoidance of Price Hike: Business enterprises should desist from hiking the price in the context of acute shortage of goods /articles.
(ii) Avoidance of HoardingBusiness enterprises should allow the business to flow normally.It should not indulge in hoarding and black marketing to earn maximum possible profit in the short term at the cost of consumers.
(iii) Guarantees for Good Quality: Business enterprises should not give false warranty for the products.It should ensure supply of good quality.
(iv) Product Information: Business enterprises should disclose correct, complete and accurate information about the product viz. size, quality, quantity, substances, use, side effects, precautions, weight, exchange, mode of application etc.
(v) Truth in advertising: Business enterprises should not convey false, untrue, bogus information relating to the product through the advertisements in media and thus mislead the consumers.
(vi) protection from the Hazard:  Business enterprises should not market the product which is potentially hazardous and harmful. As regards food items, business enterprises should withdraw spoiled and contaminated food items.