One of the way by which consumers are being exploited is 'Artificial Scarcity'. In milk books and in cinema house use find 'No Stock' and 'House full' board outside. But milk and cinema tickets are available at a higher price in the black market.

Under section 2(1)d "Consumer means any person who buys any goods or avails services for personal use, for a consideration".

'Caveat emptor' is a Latin term which means "let the buyer beware." In other words, the principle of caveat emptor serves as a warning to the buyers that they have no recourse with the seller if the product does not meet their expectations.

(i) Mixing of stones with grains.
(ii) Mixing of coconut oil with palmolein.
(iii) Coffee powder is adulterated with tamarind seed.
(iv) Chilli powder is adulterated with brick powder.

"Consumerisms is an attempt to enhance the rights and powers by buyers in relation to sellers"- L. Massie

The following basic structure of functioning is recommended:
(i) Monthly meetings and demonstrations for one hour after school hours on the First Thursday of each month. Each month a topic/activity may be scheduled as in the model calendar.
(ii) Days of National and International importance to consumers may be celebrated in the School/College. Poster/ Speech / Essay competitions can be organised at school level by the Consumer Club to sensitise the students on the importance of the day.
(iii) Field visits to local markets / Consumer Courts and door to door campaign in the local community etc., may be organized for at least 4 days in a year. It can be done on Saturdays with prior arrangement.
(iv) Minutes of each activity have to be recorded by the Student and Teacher Co-ordinator jointly as properly document.

(i) The Indian Contract Act, 1982 was passed to bind the people on the promise made in the contract.
(ii) The Sale of Goods Act, 1930: This Act protects consumers against sellers not complying with expressed and implied warranties in the sale contract.
(iii) The Agricultural Products Grading and Marketing Act, 1937 ensures the supply of agricultural commodities at high quality.

(i) There are certain situations where the shop-keepers put up the board 'No Stock' in front of their shops, even though there is plenty of stock in the store.
(ii) In such situations consumers who are desperate to buy such goods have to pay hefty price to buy those goods and thus earning more profit unconscientiously.
(iii) Even in Cinema houses, board may hang in the main entrance 'House Full' while cinema tickets will be freely available at a higher price in the black market.

The Indian contract Act, 1872
(i) The sale of goods Act, 1930
(ii) The Essential commodities Act, 1955
(iii) The Agricultural Products Grading and Marketing Act, 1937
(iv) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954
(v) Weight and Measures Act, 1976
 

The three constituent elements of business are
(i) Product Information
Business enterprises should disclose correct, complete and accurate information about the product viz. size, quality, quantity, substances, use, side effects, precautions, weight, exchange, mode of application etc
(ii) Guarantees for Good Quality:
Business enterprises should not give false warranty for the products. It should ensure supply of good quality.
(iii) Truth in advertising:
Business enterprises should not convey false, untrue, bogus information relating to the product through the advertisements in media and thus mislead the consumers.

(i) It is the social force protecting the consumer and aiding the consumer.
(ii) Consumerism is the society's attempt to bring back the balance in the exchange between the buyers and sellers as the strength of power is normally in favour of sellers rather than buyers.
(iii) Producers, sellers and service providers give importance to the consumers.
(iv) In a sense every one of us is a consumer. It may be individuals, families and institutions.
(v) they consume a variety of products and avail a number of services almost everyday

The salient features of the Indian Consumers Protection Act, 1986 are listed below:
(i) Protection Act, 1986 are listed below: Protecting consumers against products and services which are harmful to the health of consumers.
(ii) Protecting consumers from the breach of contract by sellers /manufacturers.
(iii) Ensuring consumers of supply of goods of fair quality.
(iv) Safeguarding consumers against misleading and untrue messages communicated through advertisement.
(v) Ensuring that consumers are charged fair price.
(vi) Ensuring uninterrupted supply of goods.
(vii) Ensuring the availability of goods in correct quantity and right size.
(viii ) Protecting the consumers against unfair trade practices of unscrupulous trader.
(ix) Protecting the consumers against pollution of various kinds.
(x) Protecting consumers against the evil effect of competition.