(i) Placement is a process of assigning a specific job to each and every candidate selected.
(ii) Placement signifies placing the rights person on the right job in a good manner.
(iii) The term placement includes initial assignment of new employees and promotion, transfer or demotion of precent employees.

Intelligence tests are one of the psychological tests, that is designed to measure a variety of mental ability, individual capacity of a candidate.The main aim of these tests is to obtain an idea of the person's intellectual potential.

(i) Selection is the process of differentiating between applicants in order to identify and hire those with a greater likelihood of success in a job.
(ii) Selection is the process of choosing the most suitable person for the vacant position in the organisation.

The Significance of the placement is given below:
(i) It improves employee morale
(ii) It helps in reducing employee turnover
(iii) It helps in reducing conflict rates or accidents.
(iv) It avoids misfit between the candidates and the job
(v) It helps the candidate to work as per the predetermined objectives of the organization.

(i) Preliminary Interview
(ii) Structure/ Guided / Planned Interview
(ii) Unstructured Interview
(iv) In depth Interview
(v) Panel Interview
(vi) Stress Interview
(vii) Telephone Interview
(viii) Online Interview
(ix) Group Interview
(x) Video conferencing Interview

(i) Where a group of people interview the candidate, it is called panel interview.
(ii) Usually panel comprises chairperson, subject expert, psychological experts, representatives of minorities / under privileged groups, nominees of higher bodies and so on.
(iii) All panel members ask different types of questions on general areas of specialisation of the candidates.
(iv) Each member awards marks of the candidate. At the end, the marks awarded by all the members are aggregated and the candidates are ranked accordingly.

The following principles are followed at the time of placement of an employee.
(i) Job First Man next :
Man should be placed on the job according to the requirements of the job.
There is no compromise on the requirements or qualifications of the man with respect to job. "Job First, Man next" should be the principles of management.
(ii) Job offer :
The job should be offered to the man based on his qualification.
(iii)  Terms and conditions :
The employee should be made conversant with the conditions and culture prevailing in the organisation and all those things relating to the job.
(iv) Aware about penalties :
The employee should also be made aware of the penalties if he / she commits a wrong or lapse.
(v) Loyality and Co-operation :
When placing a new recruit on the job, an effort should be made to develop a sense of loyalty and co-operation in him, so that he/she may realise his/her responsibilities better towards the job and the organisation.

Ability Test :
(i) A test designed to measure an individuals cognitive function in a specific area such as variety of skills, mental aptitude, problem solving, knowledge of particular filed, reasoning ability, intelligence, etc.
(ii) Thistest is used to find the suitability of a candidate for a given job role. It comprises the following:
(1) Aptitude test :
Aptitude test is a test to measure suitability of the candidates for the post/ role. It actually measures skills sets of the candidates. It helps in predicting the ability and future performance of the candidate. Aptitude test can be measured by the following ways:
* Numerical Reasoning test
* Verbal Reasoning test
* Inductive Reasoning test
* Mechanical Reasoning test
* DiagrammaticReasoning test
* Spatial Reasoning test
* Situational judgment test
* Mental Arithmetic test
* Vocabulary test
* Number sequence test
(2) Achicvement Test :
This test measures a candidate's capacity to achieve in a particular field. In other words this test measures a candidate's level of skill in certain areas, accomplishment and knowledge in a particular subject. The regular examination conducted in educational institution represents achivement test.It is also called proficiency test.
(3)Intelligence Test :
Intelligence tests are one of the psychological tests, that is designed to measure a variety of mental ability, individual capacity of a candidate. The main aim of these tests is to obtain an idea of the person's intellectual potential.
(4) Judgement Test :
This test is conducted to test the presence of mind and reasoning capacity ofthe candidates.
B.Personality Test :
Personality test refers to the test conducted to find out the non intellectual traits of a candidate namely temperamcnt, emotional response, capability, and stability. There is no right or wrong in the test. It comprises the following tests.
(i) Interest Test
(ii) Personality Inventory test
(iii) Projective test / Thematic appreciation test
(iv) Attitude test.