A company meeting must be convened and  held in perfect compliance with the various provisions of the Act, and the rules framed there under. It is essential that the business dealt with the meetings, should be validly transacted and not liable to be questioned later due toany irregularity.

A Managing Director is one who is employed by the company and has substantial powers of management over the affairs of the company subject to superintendence, direction and control of the board.

Those shares which are not called as preference share are known as Equity share or the share of a company which do not have any preferential rights with regard to dividend and repayment of share capital at the time of liquidation of a company.

1. New Entrepreneur Enterprise development scheme (NEEDS)
2. Interest subsidy scheme.
3. Generator subsidy.

Corporate Entrepreneur is otherwise called Promoter.

Intrapreneur is one who thinks and acts like an entrepreneur for the firms development during the course of employment in an organisation.

Characteristics of a promissory note:
(i) A promissory note must be in writing.
(ii) The promise to pay must be unconditional.
(iii) It must be signed by the maker.

(i) Contingent goods are the goods, the acquisition of which by the seller depends upon a contingency.
(ii) Contingent goods are a part of future goods.

Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business enterprise, agency or publicservice from the government to the private sector.

1. Corporate governance is a set of rules and policies which governs a company.
2. It provides a frame work for managing a company and achieving its objectives.
3. It gives guidelines for internal control, performance measurement and corporate disclosure.

(i) The State commission is to be appointed by the state government in consultation with the central government. It has the function at state level.
(ii) The State Consumer Protection Council is also known as "Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission".
(iii) The State Consumer Protection Council is also called as State commission.

1. In case of food items and drugs both life saving and life sustaining safety is to be guaranteed.
2. One thing that is encouraging today is that recent legislations have shifted the responsibility for the production of such unsafe items onto the shoulders of sellers rather than on buyers.

'Caveat emptor' is a Latin term which means "let the buyer beware." In other words, the principle of caveat emptor serves as a warning to the buyers that they have no recourse with the seller if the product does not meet their expectations.

E-Marketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of digital technologies like Internet, World Wide Web, email, wireless media and management of digital Customer data and electronic customer management systems (E-CRM).

"A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or a need'', says Philip Kotler.

Thcsc are types of markets which are organised, controllcd and regulated by statutory measures. Example :Stock Exchange of Chennai,Mumbai, Kolkata, ctc.

Under this method trainees are explained the situation and assigned roles. They have to act out the roles assigned without any rehearsal. For example, the role of customer and salesman, management and union leader, foreman and worker etc. may be played in the training session.

Intelligence tests are one of the psychological tests, that is designed to measure a variety of mental ability, individual capacity of a candidate.The main aim of these tests is to obtain an idea of the person's intellectual potential.

Benefits of internal source of recruitment.
(i) Internal source will reduce the cost and expenses of recruitment.
(ii) It is very useful, by way of selecting from the existing and retiring employees.

Universally relevant :
Human Resource Management has universal relevance.
Goal Oriented :
The accomplishment of organizational goals is made possible through best utilization of human resource is an organization.

(i) A demat account holds all the shares that are purchased in electronic or dematerialized form.
(ii) Like the bank account, a demat account holds the certificates of financial instruments like,shares, bonds, government securities, mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs).

(i) A commodity exchange is an exchange whdre commodities are traded.
(ii) Tradable commodities fall into the following categories.
a) Metals (e.g.gold, silver, copper)
b) Energy (e.g. crude oil, natural gas)
c) Agricultural (e.g. rice, wheat, cocoa)
d) Live stock and meat (e.g. Iive cattle, Iean hog)

(i) Certificate of Deposits are short-term deposit instruments issued by banks and financial institutions to raise large sums of money.
(ii) Certificate of Deposits are issued in the form of usance promissory notes.
(iii) The Certificate of Deposit is transferable from one party to another.
(iv) Due to their negotiable feature, they are also known as negotiable certificate of deposit.

(i) Financial institutions that provide facilities for channeling savings, of small investors into avenues of productive investments are called Mutual Funds.
(ii) A mutual fund company invests the funds pooled from shareholders and gives them the benefit of diversified investment portfolio and a reasonable return

Equity Market is the financial market for trading in Equity Shares of Companies.

The advantages of MBO are
(i) MBO gives the criteria of performance, It helps to take corrective action
(ii) MBO process helps the managers to understand their role in the total organisation.

(i) Controlling is performed to evaluate the performance of employees and deciding increments and promotion decisions.
(ii) The control function helps in identifying under performers and arranging remedial training for them.

(i) Manager is a dynamic and life-giving element in every business.
(ii) Without efficient management it cannot be secure the best allocation and utilisation of human, material and financial resources.