According to Section 2(24) of the Companies Act, 2013 defines "Company Secretary" or "Secretary" means any individual possessing the prescribed qualifications, appointed to perform the duties which may be performed by a secretary under this Act and any other ministerial or administrative duties.

"First directors" means those directors who hold office form the date of incorporation of the company. The first directors are usually named in the articles of association or are appointed by the directors.

According to Section 2(84) of the Companies Act, 2013, share means share in the "Share Capital of a company and includes stock except where a distinction between stock and share is expressed or implied"

Entrepreneur requires two types of finance namely long term and short term. While long-term requirements are needed for acquiring fixed assets, short-term requirement are meant for meeting working capital needs. Entrepreneur has to bring in promoters contribution (seed capital) prescribed by financing agencies.

Classical entrepreneur is one who starts his own venture as a family business. They are called life timers. They engage in business as a matter of routine. Entrepreneurs from the business families are called classical entrepreneurs.

The organisations which carry out recruitment online method is said to follow e-recruitment. It has become inevitable external source of recruitment.

According to Schumpeter's concept, "Women who innovate, imitate or adopt a business activity are known as women entrepreneurs".

(i) Crossing a cheque refers to the practice of drawing two parallel transverse lines across the face of a cheque with or without the words and Co
(ii) The effect of this crossing is that the drawee bank will pay the amount of a cheque only to the banker.

(i) Sensex is an index of the stocks in BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) Sensex has a list of 30 stocks.
(ii) BSE decides the stocks that are to be listed on Sensex.
(iii) Based on the above said factors, BSE regularly prepares a set of 30 stocks which will be together called as SENSEX.

The most common method of raising capital by new companies is through sale of securities to the public. It is called public issue.

The monetary consideration for the goods sold is called price. If goods are exchanged for goods, it is only barter and not a sale.

(i) The commercial bills is an instrument drawn by a seller of goods on a buyer of goods.
(ii) It possesses the advantages like self-liquidating in nature, recourse to two parties, knowing exact date of transactions, transparency of transactions etc.

Capital Market is the market for long term financial claim more than a year. (E.g) Shares, Debentures.

Management by Exception.

Globalisation means the interaction and integration of the domestic economy with the rest of the world with regard to foreign investment, trade, production and financial matters. Globalization stands for the consolidation of the various economies of the world.

(i) Planning and co-ordination
(ii) Organising and co-ordination
(iii) Staffing and co-ordination
(iv) Directing and co-ordination
(v) Motivation and co-ordination ; and
(vi) Controlling and co-ordination.

External environment refers to those factors outside the business These factors by and large are beyond the control of  a business and hence uncontrollable.
e.g economic, political and socio-cultural factors.

According to Philip Kotler, "Price is the amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service

Men, Machine, Money and Materials are called 4 M's.

(i) One who deals in a market; specifically, one who promotes or sells a product or service.
(ii) A marketer is some one whose job involves marketing.
(iii) Someone who promotes or exchanges goods or exchanges goods or services for money.

This method enables the trainees to listen to the lectures / talk delivered on specific topics and provides opportunities to participate, to interact with the speaker and get their doubts clarified or select participants may be allowed to present papers with the audio visual aids as delegates. Example, Doctors conference, Salesman Conference etc

One of the way by which consumers are being exploited is 'Artificial Scarcity'. In milk books and in cinema house use find 'No Stock' and 'House full' board outside. But milk and cinema tickets are available at a higher price in the black market.

Content marketing is said to be the art of communicating with customers and prospects without selling. The Content Marketing institute calls it non-interruption marketing.

(i) Reference check is done to know reliability and trustworthiness of the candidates.
(ii) The selector decides the selection worthiness of the candidate based on the reference and recommendation given by referees.

According to Dale Yoder human resource management as ''the effective process of planning and directing the application, development and utilisation of human resources in employment''.

(i) The Consumer Protection Act postulates establishment of Consumer Protection Councils at the District, State and Central levels for the purpose of spreading consumer awareness.
(ii) The objects of the Councils, as per the Act, shall be to promote and protect the rights of the consumers