According to Section 2(24) of the Companies Act, 2013 defines "Company Secretary" or "Secretary" means any individual possessing the prescribed qualifications, appointed to perform the duties which may be performed by a secretary under this Act and any other ministerial or administrative duties.

The person one who takes an active interest in the well being of a company and one of the Members of Board of Directors is called as Director of a company. A Director is a person from a Board of Director who leads or supervises the functioning of a company.

Entrepreneur requires two types of finance namely long term and short term. While long-term requirements are needed for acquiring fixed assets, short-term requirement are meant for meeting working capital needs. Entrepreneur has to bring in promoters contribution (seed capital) prescribed by financing agencies.

Classical entrepreneur is one who starts his own venture as a family business. They are called life timers. They engage in business as a matter of routine. Entrepreneurs from the business families are called classical entrepreneurs.

The organisations which carry out recruitment online method is said to follow e-recruitment. It has become inevitable external source of recruitment.

(i) Crossing a cheque refers to the practice of drawing two parallel transverse lines across the face of a cheque with or without the words and Co
(ii) The effect of this crossing is that the drawee bank will pay the amount of a cheque only to the banker.

The most common method of raising capital by new companies is through sale of securities to the public. It is called public issue.

(i) Money market is the segment of financial markets where in financial instruments having maturities of less than one year are traded.
(ii) Examples: Treasury Bills, Commercial Bills, Certificate of Deposits, Government securities etc.

Management by Exception.

A market which is not regulated by statutory measures is called unregulated market

According to Edwin B. Flippo, "Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing particular job''.

Under section 2(1)d "Consumer means any person who buys any goods or avails services for personal use, for a consideration".

(i) Referral marketing is the method of promoting products or services to new customers through referrals.
(ii) Referral marketing is refer to spreading the word about a product or service through existing customers of business enterprises rather than through traditional advertising
(iii) Word-of-mouth marketing, which occurs when others tell each other about a business, is also considered to be a form of referral marketing.

Due to tremendous growth in information and communication technology, these days interviews are conducted by means of internet via Skype, Wechat, Google duo, Tiber, "hatsapp or 'ideo chat applications.

(i) Human resource is the only factor of production that lives.
(ii) Human resources created all other resources.

SEBI has its headquarters at the business district of Bandrakurla complex in Mumbai and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western Regional offices in New Delhi, Kolkatta, Chennai and Ahmedabad respectively.

(i) The normal trading time for equity market is between 9.15 a.m. to 3.30 p.m., Monday to Friday.
(ii) It is closed on the weekends and National holidays.

Renmisier is an agent of a nember of a stock exchange. He obtains business for his principal i.e, the member. He gets a commission for that service. He is called Remiser.

1. Treasury Bills
(i) Treasury bills are very popular and enjoy a higher degree of liquidity since they are issued by the Government.
(ii) A Treasury bill is nothing but a promissory note issued for a specified period stated there in.
(iii) The Government promises to pay the specified amount mentioned there in to the bearer of the instrument on the due date.
(iv) The period does not exceed a period of one year.
2. Commercial bills
(i) A bill of exchange issued by a commercial organization to raise money for short-term needs.
(ii) These bills are of 30 days, 60 days and 90 days maturity.
(iii) The Commercial Bill is an instrument drawn by seller of goods on a buyer of goods.

(i) Certificate of Deposits are short-term deposit instruments issued by banks and financial institutions to raise large sums of money.
(ii) Certificate of Deposits are issued in the form of usance promissory notes.
(iii) The Certificate of Deposit is transferable from one party to another.
(iv) Due to their negotiable feature, they are also known as negotiable certificate of deposit.

(i) Financial institutions that provide facilities for channeling savings, of small investors into avenues of productive investments are called Mutual Funds.
(ii) A mutual fund company invests the funds pooled from shareholders and gives them the benefit of diversified investment portfolio and a reasonable return

A market where in financial instruments such as financial claims, assets and securities are traded is known as a financial market.

(i) Management by exception is an important principle of managerial control suggested by the classical writers on management.
(ii) It is a style of business management that focuses on identifying and handling cases that deviate from the norm.

Tools of managements have been developed such as accounting, business law, psychology, statistics, econometrics, data processing, etc.

(i) Innovation refers to the preparation of personnel and organisation to face the changes made in the business world.
(i) Innovation includes developing new material, new products, new techniques in production, new package, new design of a product and cost reduce.