(i) Referral marketing is the method of promoting products or services to new customers through referrals.
(ii) Referral marketing is refer to spreading the word about a product or service through existing customers of business enterprises rather than through traditional advertising
(iii) Word-of-mouth marketing, which occurs when others tell each other about a business, is also considered to be a form of referral marketing.

(i) Social marketing is a new marketing tool.
(ii) It is the systematic application of marketing philosophy and techniques to achieve specific behavioral goals which ensure social good.
(iii) For example, this may include asking people not to smoke in public areas, asking them to wear seat belts or helmets, etc.

E-Tailing or electronic retailing refers to selling of goods and services through a shopping website (internet) or through virtual store to the ultimate consumer.

E-Marketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of digital technologies like Internet, World Wide Web, email, wireless media and management of digital Customer data and electronic customer management systems (E-CRM).

(i) Guerrilla Marketing:
(1) The concept of Guerrilla Marketing was invented as an unconventional system of promotions that relies on time, energy and imagination rather than a big marketing budget.
(2) It is suited to small companies which cannot set apart big advertisement budget.
(ii) Multilevel Marketing :
(1) Multilevel Marketing is the marketing strategy wherein the direct sales companies encourage its existing distributors to recruit new distributors to facilitate the sale of goods and services.
(2) The recruits are called as the participant's "Downline" or distributor's "Downline" Example, Tupperware, and Amway are the direct sales companies that use the multilevel marketing. The multilevel marketing is also called as a network marketing, referral marketing or pyramid selling.

(i) Rural marketing is a process of developing pricing, promoting and distributing rural specific goods and services leading to derived exchange with rural customers to satisfy their needs and wants.
(ii) Rural marketing is now a two-way marketing process. There is inflow of products into rural markets for production or consumption and there is also outflow of products to urban areas.
(iii) The urban to rural flow consists of agricultural inputs, fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) such as soaps, detergents, cosmetics, textiles, and so on.
(iv) The rural to urban flow consists of agricultural produce such as rice, wheat, sugar, and cotton.
(v) There is also a movement of rural products within rural areas for consumption

(i) Niche marketing denotes a strategy of directing all marketing efforts towards one well defined segment of the population.
(ii) It is found by company by identifying the need of customers which are not served or under served by the competilors.
(iii) A niche market does not mean a small market, but it involves specilic target audience with a specialized oflering.
(iv) It aimed at being a big fish in a small pond instead of being a small fish in a big pond.
(v) For example, there are various cinema halls across India, but there are few which have recliner seats to offer.
(vi) The sports channels like STAR Sports, ESPN, Star Cricket are the examples of Niche market.
 

(i) E-commerce simply refers to the buying and selling of products and services through Online but E-business goes a way beyond the simple buying and selling of goods and service and much wider range of business processes, Such as supply chain management, electronic order processing and customer relationship management.
(ii) E-Commerce and E-Business is used interchangeably in its broader meaning just as commerce and business.

Importance of social marketing:
(i) The primary aim of social marketing is social good such as anti-tobacco, anti-drug, anti-pollution, anti-dowry, road safety, protection of girl child, against the use of plastic bags.
(ii) Social marketing promotes the consumption of socially desirable products and health consciousness.
(iii) It helps to eradicate social evils that affect the society and quality of life.

I. Social Marketing
i) Social marketing is a new marketing tool.
ii) It is the systematic application of marketing philosophy and techniques to achieve specific behavioural goals which ensure social good.
iii) For example, this may include asking people not to smoke in public areas, asking them to wear seat belts or persuading them to follow speed limits.
II. Service Marketing
i) Service marketing is a specialized branch of marketing.
ii) A service is any activity or benefit that one party can offer to another which is essentially intangible and which does not result in the ownership of anything like business and professional services insurance, legal service, medical service etc.

i) In the Globalised business environment, the marketer must move goods, faster and quicker to satisfy the consumer's needs and wants by servicing the best quality goods and services.
ii) Therefore marketers are shipping from transaction thinking to relationship building and also focusing on lifelong customers.
iii) It is possible to carry out all the business transactions thinking to relationship building and also focusing on lifelong customer.
iv) So, marketer has give more emphasis on the notion, "offer more for less" and adopt different strategies to satisfy the consumers.
v) It is possible to carry out all the business transactions over an electronic network, primarily through the Internet.
vi) The number of Internet users is increasing very rapidly. They use a variety of tools like computer, laptops, tablet and smart or android phone devices to access different websites.
vii) Besides the social media networks have opened new aveues of interacting with customers.