3-D Secure is a secure payment protocol on the Internet.

It was introduced by Federal Information Processing Standard (FPS).

The security technologies in E-Commerce transactions are roughly classified into
(i) Encryption technology
(ii)  Authentication technology
(iii) Authentication protocols

Typopiracy is a variant of Cyber Squatting. Some fake websites try to take advantage of users common typographical errors in typing a website address and direct users to a different website. Such people try to take advantage of some popular websites to generate accidental traffic for their websites. e.g. www.goggle.com, www.facebook.com

A digital signature is a mechanism that is used to verify that a particular digital document, message or transaction is authentic.

Cyber Squatting is the illegal practice of registering an Internet domain name that might be wanted by another person in an intention to sell it later for a profit. It involves the registering of popular trademarks and trade names as domain names before the particular company do. Cyber squatters also involve in trading on the reputation and goodwill of such third parties by inducing a customer to believe that it is an official web page.

(i) SSL is a hybrid encryption protocol for securing transactions over the Internet.
(ii) The SSL standard was developed by Netscape in collaboration with MasterCard, Bank of America, MCI and Silicon Graphics.
(iii) It is based on a public key cryptography process to ensure the security of data transmission over the internet.
(iv) Its principle is to establish a secure communication channel (encrypted) between a client and a server after an authentication step.

"3-D Secure is a secure payment protocol on the Internet. It was developed by Visa to increase the level of transaction security, and it has been adapted by Master Card. It gives a better authentication of the holder of the payment card, during purchases made on websites. The basic concept of this (XML-based) protocol is to link the financial authorization process with an online authentication system. This authentication model comprise 3 domains (hence the name 3D) which are:
1. The Acquirer Domain
2. The Issuer Domain
3. The interoperability Domain

Phil Zimmermann developed PGP in 1991. It is a decentralized encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP encryption uses a serial combination of Hashing, data compresion, symmetric key cryptography and asymmetric key cryptography and works on the concept of "web of Trust" It is also called "Pretty Good Privacy".

(i) Information leakage
(ii) Tampering
(iii) Payment frauds
(iv) Malicious code threats
(v) Distributed denial of service attacks
(vi) Cyber squatting
(vii) Typopiracy
(viii) Hacking

(i)It is a process of taking down an E-Commerce site by sending continuous overwhelming request to its server .
(ii) This attack will be conducted from numerous unidentified computers using botnet. This attack will slow down and make the server inoperative.
(iii) DDoS attacks is also called as network flooding.

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a security protocol for electronic payments with credit cards, in particular via the internet.
SET system incorporates the following key features.
1. Using public key encryption and private key encryption, ensure data confidentiality.
2. Use information digest technology to ensure the integrity of information.
3. Dual signature technology to ensure the identity of both parties in the transaction.