Provides reliable connection oriented ransmission between two hosts. It guarantees delivery of packets between the hosts. 

(i) Network Access Layer - concerned with building packets. 
(ii) Internet Layer - describes how packets are to be delivered.
(iii) Transport Layer - ensure the proper transmission of data. 
(iv) Application Layer - application network processes. These processes include File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol, (HTTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Open System Inter connection (OSI) model was found in the year 1934, over all basis that permits network protocols along with software and schemes to be developed based on Universal guide lines

(i) It provides mobility.
(ii) It provides connection to Internet.
(iii) Flexibility of LAN.
(iv) Ensures connectivity.
(v) Low cost, high benefits.

The common application of mobile networks is mobile phones, tablets, etc.. In the past, wireless communications largely used circuit switching to carry only voice over a network, but now currently both data and voice are being transmitted over both circuit via switched networks and packet switched networks.

(i) Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity.
(ii) It is a wireless network technology that permits computers and alternative devices to be connected to every alternative into a local area network and to the net without wires and cables .
(iii) Wi-Fi is additionally stated as wireless local area network that stands for wireless local area network, and 802.11, that is that the technical code for the protocol.

(i) They had a very low traffic density of one call per radio channel,
(ii) A very poor voice quality.
(iii) They used unsure and unencrypted transmission, which leads to the spoofing of its identities

1. Sharing of company policies/rules and regulations
2. Access employee database
3. Distribution of circulars/ Office Orders
4. Access product and customer data
5. Sharing of information of common interest
6. Launching of personal departmental home pages
7. Submission of reports
8. Corporate telephone directories.

(i) HTTP: A protocol used between a web client and a web server protects non-secure data transmissions. The core protocol of the World Wide Web.
(ii) HTTPS: A protocol used between a web client and a web server permits secure data transmissions.
(iii) FTP: Used between computers for sending and receiving data. Enables a client to send and receive complete files from a server.

Main components of RFID system
1. RFID tag: It has silicon microchip attached to a small antenna and mounted on a substrate.
2. A reader: It has a scanner with antennas to transmit and receive signals, used for communication.
3. A controller: It is the host computer with a microprocessor which receives the reader input and process the data.

Open System Interconnection (OSI) model was found in the year 1934, general framework that enables network protocols along with software and systems to be developed based on general set of guidelines. It describes the standards for the inter-computer communication.
OSI Layers:
(i) Physical Layer: This is the 1^st layer, it defines the electrical and physical specifications for devices.
(ii) Data Link Layer: It is the 2^nd layer and it guarantees that the data transmitted are free of errors. This layer has simple protocols like "802.3 for Ethernet" and "802.11 for Wi-Fi".
(iii) Network Layer: It is the 3^rd layer determining the path of the data packets. This layer is responsible for routing of data packets using IP Addressing.
(iv) Transport Layer: It is the 4^th layer that guarantees the transportation/sending of data succeddfully. It includes the error checking operation.
(v) Session Layer: It is the 5^th layer, identifies the established system session between different network entities. It controls dailogues between computers. For instance, while accessing a system remotely, session is created between your computer and the remote system.
(vi) Presentation Layer: It is the 6^th layer that does the translation of data to the next layer (Prepare the data to the Application Layer). Encryption and decryption protocols occur in this layer such as, Secure Socket Layer (SSL).
(vii) Application Layer: It is the 7^th layer, which acts as the user interface platform comprising of software within the system.