(i) Web 1.0 (Web of Content) is the early web that contained text, images, and hyperlinks and allowed users only to search for information and read it. There was a very little in the way of user interaction or content generation.
(ii) Web 2.0 (Web of Communication) is a read-write web that allowed users to interact with each other.
(iii) Web 3.0 (Web of Context) is termed as the semantic web or executable web with dynamic applications, interactive services, and "machine-to-machine" interaction.

(i) EDI A is a hierarchical structure where the top level is referred to as an interchange, and lower levels contain multiple messages.
(ii) The messages consist of segments, which in turn consist of composites.
(iii) The final iteration is a data element.

(i) The remarkable advancement in the entertainment industry is due to the Multimedia Technololgy mainly.
(ii) This technology is needed in all mode of entertainment like radio, TV, online gaming, video on demand etc.
(iii) Video on demand or movies on demand is a service that provides movies to television sets ib an individual basis at homes.
(iv) Movies are stored in a central server and transmitted through a communication network.

< ?php
scolors = array("red", "qreen", "blue'; "yellew'');
fereach (sectors as ＄value)
{
echo "svalue < br >";
}
? >

(i) Using computer network, application or other software will be stored at central computer or server and share one software from one to another is called Data Sharing.
(ii) For example: All files cannot be taken backup or duplicate on more than one computer. So if one is not unavailable due to hardware failure or any other reason, the copies can be used.

Comparision between Internet, intranet and Extranet

To pass any number of parameters inside a function.
They are specified inside the parenthesis, after the function name.
Syntax:
function School Name($sname, $Strength)
{
echo $sname." in Tamilnadu and Student Strength is".$Strength;
}

(i) USE Database: This command is used to select the database in MySQL for working.
Syntax:
mysql>use test:
Database changed
mysql>
(ii) SHOW Database: Lists all the databases available in the database server.
Syntax:
mysql>show databases;
(iii) SHOW Tables: Lists all the tables available in the current database we are working in.
Syntax: mysql>show tables;

To rejoin the two split blocks:
(i) Place the cursor on the bottom handle of the second text block, click and drag the bottom handle up to the top.
(ii) Then, place the cursor on the bottom handle of the first text block, and click and drag the bottom handle down if necessary.

1. Credit card number: The modern credit card number has 16-digit unique identification number.
2. The first digit of the credit card number is Major Industry Identifier (MII).
i) It identifies the issuer category.
ii) e.g. 1 - Airlines,4 - Banks
3. The next 5 digits uniquely identify the issuing organization
4. The first 6 digits together called as Issuer Identifier number (IlN) or Bank Identification number (BIN).
5. The next 9 digits are the account number.
6. The last digit is a check digit (based to the Luhn algorithm).

(i) To avoid the major disadvantage of Flat namespace, hierarchical namespace is used in large
(ii)  Hierarchical namespace is where the name is made up of several parts.
a. First part may represent the nature of the organization.
b. Second part may represent the name of the organization, and
c. Third part may represent the department of the organization and so on.
(iii) In this way the power to control the namespace can be decentralized.
(iv) The centralized authority can be given to nature and then to the name of the organization and so on.
(v) To achieve hierarchical namespace, Domain Name Space was designed.

These social networks share several attributes in common:
Membership.
Social nets all generally requires user to register namesand accounts for avoid duplicate and secrecy so many public networks offer free registration, but some charge fees for their premium services. Private networks (such as BANK ACCOUNT HOLDERS groups) restrict registration to people who meet certain eligibility criteria.
Content contribution.
These networks allow members to easily share comments, movies, music, short films and/or photos with others.
Frequent return visits.
Healthy social net takes a centers around a base of members who check in regularly to contribute theirs and also for new updates.
Human relationship building.
The common goal of most social networks is allowing the interactions that build stronger connections with in communities of people

1. The most common cryptographic protocol is Secure Sockets Layers (SSL). SSL is a hybrid encryption protocol for securing transactions over the internet. The SSL standard was developed by Netscape in collaboration with Mastercard, Bank of America, MCI and silicon graphics.
2. Today, all browsers in the market support SSL, and most of the secure communication are proceeded through this protocol. SSL works completely hidden for the users, who does not have to intervene in the protocol.
3. The only thing the user has to do is make sure on URL starts with https://instead of http:// where "s" obviously means secured.
4. SSL was renamed as TLS (Transport Layer Security) in 2001.

Open System Interconnection (OSI) model was found in the year 1934, general framework that enables network protocols along with software and systems to be developed based on general set of guidelines. It describes the standards for the inter-computer communication.
OSI Layers:
(i) Physical Layer: This is the 1^st layer, it defines the electrical and physical specifications for devices.
(ii) Data Link Layer: It is the 2^nd layer and it guarantees that the data transmitted are free of errors. This layer has simple protocols like "802.3 for Ethernet" and "802.11 for Wi-Fi".
(iii) Network Layer: It is the 3^rd layer determining the path of the data packets. This layer is responsible for routing of data packets using IP Addressing.
(iv) Transport Layer: It is the 4^th layer that guarantees the transportation/sending of data succeddfully. It includes the error checking operation.
(v) Session Layer: It is the 5^th layer, identifies the established system session between different network entities. It controls dailogues between computers. For instance, while accessing a system remotely, session is created between your computer and the remote system.
(vi) Presentation Layer: It is the 6^th layer that does the translation of data to the next layer (Prepare the data to the Application Layer). Encryption and decryption protocols occur in this layer such as, Secure Socket Layer (SSL).
(vii) Application Layer: It is the 7^th layer, which acts as the user interface platform comprising of software within the system.

MySQL function in PHP:
In PHP Scripting language many functions are available for MySQL Database connectivity and executing SQL queries.
MySQLi is extension in PHP scripting language which gives access to the MYSQL database. MySQLi extension was introduced version 5.0.0,
The MySQLi extension contains the following important functions which are related to MySQL database connectivity and management.
i) Mysqli_connect() Function
ii) Mysqli_close() Function
iii) Mysqli_query() Function
(i) Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect() Function.
Syntax :
mysqli_connect("Server Name "User Name","Password"DB Name");
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password anda Database Name.
(ii) Managing Database Connections :
The below code describes managing database connection methods and features.

The mysqli_connect function uses these variables to connect Database server to PHP. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.
(iii) Performing Queries :
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MYSQL database server. The SQL query statements help in PHP MySQL extension to achieve the objective of MYSQL and PHP connection. "mysqli_query" is a function, that helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting language.
Syntax:
mysqli_query("Connection Object","SQL Query")
Example:

Closing Connection :
mysqli_close() Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.

'for loop' is called as the entry-check loop.
The for loop is used to execute a block of code a specific number of times.
Syntax:
for (initialization; condition; increment / decrement) 
{
          //code to be executed;
}
The initialization part is executed only once at the beginning of the loop. It is used to initialize variables. The condition is evaluated before each iteration of the loop. If it is true, the code block is executed. If it is false, the loop is terminated. The increment/ decrement part is executed after each iteration of the loop. It is used to update variables.
Example 1
To print the numbers from 1 to 5 in ascending order
for (i = 1; i<=5; i++)
{
          echo i. "<br>";
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
Example 2
To print the numbers from 5 to 1 in descending order
for (i = 5; i<=1; i--)
{
          echo i. "<br>";
}
Output:
5
4
3
2
1

Multidimensional Arrays:
Array containing one or more arrays is called multidimensional array. PHP accepts array with two, three four or more levels.
Example:
// A two-dimensional array
$student=array
(
array("Iniyan", 100, 96),
array("Kavin", 60, 59),
array("Nilani", 1313, 139)
);
echo ＄＄student [0][0].": Tamil Mark: ".＄student [0][1].". English mark: ".＄student [0] [2]."< br >";
echo ＄＄student [1][0].": Tamil Mark: ".＄student [1][1].". English mark: ".＄student [1] [2]."< br >";
echo ＄＄student [2}[0].": Tamil Mark:".＄student [2][1].".English mark: ".＄student [2] [2]."< br >
? >

Drawing a star using polygon tool.
To draw a Star
(i) Click on the Polygon tool from the toolbox. The cursor changes to a crosshair.
(ii) Click and drag anywhere on the screen. As you drag, a Polygon appears.
(iii) Release the mouse button when the Polygon is of the desired size.
(iv) Choose Element →  Polygon settings in the menu bar. Now polygon settings dialogue box appears.
(v) Type 5 in the Number of sides text box.
(vi) Type 50% in star inset textbox.
(vii) Click OK. Now the required star appears on the screen.

Transfer of money from one bank account to another, via computer-based systems is known as Paperless Payment.

(i) Relatively small amount of data is required to represent the image and thereby only less memory is needed to store.
(ii) Compression techniques are used to reduce the file size of images that is useful for storing large number of images and speeding transmission for networked application.

Zone can contain more than one sub domains.

if (condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
}

Relational Database Management System.

National Resource Center for Free and Open Source Software is an institution of Government of FOSS in India. To Help in development of FOSS in India.

The common uses of computer network are
(i) Communication
(ii) Resource sharing
(iii) Information sharing

switch (n)
{
case label 1:
code to be executed if n=labeI1;
break;
case label 2:
code to be executed if n=labeI2;
break;
case label 3:
code to be executed if n=labeI3;
break;
...
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;
}