The HAVING clause can be used along with GROUP BY clause in the SELECT statement to place condition on groups and can include aggregate functions on them. For example to count the number of Male and Female students belonging to Chennai.
SELECT Gender, count(*) FROM Student GROUP BY Gender HAVING Place = 'Chennai',

The WHERE clause is used to filter the records. It helps to extract only those records which satisfy a given condition. For example in the student table, to display the list of students of age18 and above in alphabetical order of their names, the command is given as below:
SELECT * FROM Student WHERE Age>=18 ORDER BY Name;

The ORDER BY clause is used as :
SELECT < column-name > [, < columnname >, .... ]
FROM < table-name >ORDER BY < column1 >,< column2 >, ... ASC| DESC ;

IN Keyword	NOT IN keyword
The IN keyword is used to specify a list of values which must be matched with the record values. In other words it is used to compare a column with more than one value. It is similar to an OR condition.	The NOT IN keyword displays only those records that do not match in the list

Data query language: The Data Query Language consist of commands used to query or retrieve data from a database. One such SQL command in Data Query Language is
Select - It displays the records from the table.

Transactional Control Language (TCL) commands are used to manage transactions in the database. These are used to manage the changes made to the data in a table by DML statements.

The DML is basically of two types:
(i) Procedural DML - Requires a user to specify what data is needed and how to get it.
(ii) Non-Procedural DML - Requires a user to specify what data is needed without specifying how to get it.

Functions performed by DDL:
(i) The Data Definition Language (DDL) consist of SQL statements used to define the database structure or schema. It simply deals with descriptions of the database schema and is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in databases
(ii) The DDL provides a set of definitions to specify the storage structure and access methods used by the database system.

To create a database, type the following command in the prompt:
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
For example; To create a database to store the tables:
CREATE DATABASE stud;
(ii) To work with the database, type the following command.
USE DATABASE;
For example ; To use the stud database created, give the command USE stud;

Oracle, MySQL, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2 and Microsoft Access are RDBMS packages.

SQL	MYSQL
Structured Query Language is a language used for accessing database	MySQL is a database | accessing databases. management system, like SQL Server, Oracle, Informix,postgres,etc.
SQL is a DBMS	MySQL is a RDBMS

 

Command Description Component Insert Inserts data into a table DML Create To create tables in the database DML  

Table Constraints	column constraints
Table constraint is apply to a group of one or more columns.	Column constraint can be apply only to individual columns.

S.No	Unique Key Constraint	Primary Key Constraint
(i)	This constraint ensures that no two rows have the same value in the specified columns.	This constraint declares a field as a Primary Key which helps to uniquely identify a record.
(ii)	The UNIQUE constraint can be Create applied only to fields that have also been declared as NOT NULL.	The Primary Key does not allow NULL values.

SELECT * FROM Student WHERE Age <= 18 ORDER BY Name;