(i) An economic activity (production of goods and services) is expected to generate utility (economic well-being) when it is eventually consumed by households.
(ii) At the same time, given that pollution is an undesirable byproduct of production activities, households’ economic wellbeing would be negatively impacted due to a deterioration in environmental quality.

(i) Eutrophication is an increased level of nutrients in water bodies. This results in the bloom of algae in the water.
(ii) It also depletes the oxygen in water which negatively affects fish and other aquatic animal population

(i) Solid Waste is basically discharge of useless and unwarranted materials as a result of human activity.
(ii) Most commonly, they are composed of solids, semisolids or liquids.
(iii) Solid wastes consist of the discards of households, hospital refuse, dead animals, debris from a construction site, ashes, agricultural wastes, and industrial wastes, etc.

(i) PC
(ii) Microscope
(iii) Monitors
(iv) Incubator
(v) ECG device
Government:
(i) PC
(ii) Fan
(iii) FAX machine
(iv) Tube lights
(v) Xerox machine
(vi) Air conditions
(vii) Scanner

1. Establishment of industries away from the towns and cities
2. Increasing the length of the Chimneys in industries
3. Growing more plants and trees
4. Use of non-conventional fuels like Biogas, CNG, and LPG.
5. Use of Mass Transit System (Public Transport)

(i) Outdoor Air Pollution refers to ambient air.
(ii) The common sources of outdoor air pollution are caused by combustion processes from motor vehicles, solid fuel burning, and industry.

A person smoking a cigarette gets maygives satisfaction to that person, but this act causes hardship (dissatisfaction) to the nonsmokers who are driven to passive smoking.

When some residents of a locality hire a private security agency to patrol their area, the other residents of the area also benefit from better security without bearing cost

(i) A seed ball is a seed that has been wrapped in soil materials, usually a mixture of clay and compost and then dried.
(ii) The seed is pre-planted and can be sown by depositing the seed ball anywhere suitable for the species, keeping the seed safely until the proper germination window arises.

Global warming is the current increase in temperature of the earth's surface (both land and water) and its atmosphere.

1. Use of noise barriers
2. Newer roadway for surface transport
3. Traffic control
4. Regulating times for heavy vehicles
5. Installations of noise barriers in the work place
6. Regulation of Loudspeakers

Environmental goods are typically non-market goods, including clear air, clean water, landscape, green transport infrastructure, public parks, rivers, mountains, forest and beaches.

China, USA, India, Russia, Japan.

(i) An ecosystem includes all living things (plants, animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).
(ii) It is the foundation of the Biosphere and determine the health of the earth.

(i) Environment means "all the conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development of an organism or group of organisms".
(ii) It also means that the complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community ultimately determine its form and survival.