1) The Defence of India Regulations Act, it was an emergency criminal law enacted with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during the First World War.
2) The Act allowed suspects to be tried by special tribunals each consisting of three Commissioners appointed by the Local Government.
3) The act empowered the tribunal to inflict sentences of death, transportation for life, and imprisonment of up to ten years for the violation of rules or orders framed under the act.

She published a book How India brought for Freedom, a weekly The Commonweal, a daily newspaper New India.

1) The dismemberment of the Caliphate was seen as a blow to Islam. Muslims around the world, sympathetic to the cause of the Caliph, decided to oppose the move.
2) Muslims in India also organised themselves under the leadership of the Ali brothers - Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali started a movement known as Khalifat Movement.

1) In order to crush the growing nationalist movement, the government adopted many measures.
2) Lord Curzon created the Criminal Intelligence Department (CID) in 1903 to secretly collect information on the activities of nationalists.
3) The colonial state also resorted to banning meetings, printing and circulation of seditious materials for propaganda, and by detaining the suspects.