Mohan Singh, an officer of the British Indian Army in Malaya, approached the Japanese for help and they found in this an opportunity. Mohan Singh had drafted about 40,000 men in the Indian National Army by the end of 1942.

Lord Wavell found a council without Muslim League representation as unworkable and thus abandoned the Simla talks.

1. The offer of Dominion Status was too little.
2. The Congress also rejected the idea of nominated members to the constitution-making body and sought elections in the Princely States as in the Provinces.
3. Above all these was the possibility of partition.
4. The negotiations were bound to breakdown and it did.

1. Dominion status at some unspecified future;
2. Expansion of the Viceroy's Council to accommodate more Indians in it;
3. Setting up a War Advisory Council with Indians in it;
4. Recognition of the rights of the minority;
5. And a promise to recognize the Indian peoples' right to draft a constitution at some future date after the war.

The idea of separate nation for Muslims.

The outbreak of Second World War and Britain's decision to involve India in the War without consulting Congress ministries in provinces, provoked the leaders of Indian National Congress and Gandhi.
1. The Congress ministers resigned in protest.
2. The Cripps Mission arrived in March 1942 to assuage the nationalists.
3.  But its proposals bore no fruit.
4.  Gandhi decided to embark on the Quit India Movement in August 1942.

The viceroy issued invitations on 151 June 1946 to the 14 men to join the interim government. Among them,
1. Mohammed Ali Jinnah,
2. Liaquat Ali Khan,
3. Mohammed Ismail Khan,
4. Khwaja Sir Nazimuddin and
5. Abdul Rab Nishtar,
were the Muslim League representatives invited to the Interim Government.

1) Subhas Chandra Bose was isolated within the Congress, as most leaders in the organisation's top refused cooperation with him.
2) Bose resigned and the AICC session at Calcutta elected Rajendra Prasad as president.
3) Bose founded the Forward Bloc to function within the Congress and was eventually removed from all positions in the organization in August 1939.

1) Cripps promised Dominion Status and a constitution-making body after the war.
2) The constitution making body was to be partly elected by the provincial assemblies and nominated members from the Princely states.
3) The draft also spelt out the prospect of Pakistan.
4) It said that any province that was not prepared to accept the new constitution would have the right to enter into a separate agreement with Britain regarding its future status.
5) The draft did not contain anything new.
6) Nehru recalled later: 'When I read these proposals for the first time I was profoundly depressed.

The Muslim League, the Shiromani Akali Dal and the Hindu Maha Sabha, all those who had stayed clear of the Quit India campaign, joined the protests and raised funds for their defence.

1) The economic impact of the war was manifest in rising prices, shortage of food- grains and closure of war time industries causing retrenchment and employment.
2) This merged with the anti-British sentiments evident in the mass scale of the protests revolving around the INA trials.
3) B.C. Dutt, a rating in the HMIS Talwar was arrested for scribbling 'Quit India' on the panel of the ship.
4) This provoked a strike by the 1,100 ratings on the ship. The ratings resented the racist behaviour of the English commanders, the poor quality of the food and abuses that were the norm.
5) Dutt's arrest served as the trigger for the revolt on February 18, 1946.
6) The day after, the revolt was joined by the ratings in the Fort Barracks and the Castle and a large number of them went into the Bombay cities in commandeered trucks waving Congress flags and shouting anti-British slogans.
7) Soon, the workers in the textile mills, The trade unions in Bombay and Calcutta called for strike and the two cities turned into war zones. Shopkeepers downed shutters, Trains were stopped.
8) As the news of the Bombay Revolt reaches Karachi, ratings in the HMIS Hindustan and other naval establishments in Karachi went on a lightning strike on February 19.
9) The strike wave spread to almost all the naval establishments across India and at least 20,000 ratings from 78 ships and 20 shore .establishments ended up revolting in the days after February 18, 1946.
10)  There were strikes, expressing support to the ratings in the Royal Indian Air Force in Bombay and Calcutta units & the sepoys in the army cantonment station at Jabalpur too went on strike.
11) The ratings, in many places, hoisted the Congress, the Communist, and the Muslim League flags together on the ship masts during the revolt.
12) The colonial government's response was brutal repression.
13) The strikes in Bombay and Calcutta and Madras were strong expressions against British rule in India, these did not last for long and the ratings were forced to surrender soon.
14) Sardar Vallabhai Patel, then in Bombay, took the initiative to bring the revolt to an end.
15) The RIN mutiny, however, was indeed a glorious chapter in the Indian National Movement and perhaps the last act of rebellion in the long story of such acts of valour in the cause of independence.

1) A considerably large contingent of the Indian Army was posted on the South East Asian countries that were part of the British Empire.
2)  Mohan Singh, an officer of the British Indian Army in Malaya, approached the Japanese for help and they found in this an opportunity.
3) Indians in the region saw the INA as saviours against Japanese expansionism as much as the commander and other officers held out that the army would march into India but only on invitation from the Indian National Congress.
4) Bose at Singapore, set up the Provisional Government of Free India on October 21, 1943.
5) This Provisional Government declared war against Britain and the other allied nations. The Axis powers recognised Bose's Provisional Government as its ally.
INA with Axis Powers in War
1) A battalion of the INA commanded by Shah Nawaz accompanied the Japanese army, in its march on Imphal.
2) The Axis powers, including the Japanese forces, did not succeed and the Japanese retreated.
3) Shah Nawaz and his soldiers of the INA were taken prisoners and charged with treason.
INA Trial
1) The INA trials were held at the Red Fort in New Delhi.
2) The INC fielded its best lawyers Nehru, in defence of the INA soldiers.
3) Even though the INA did not achieve much militarily, the trials made a huge impact in inspiring the masses.
4) The colonial government's arrogance once again set the stage for another mass mobilisation.
5)  The Indian National Congress, after the debacle at the Simla Conference plunged into reaching out to the masses by way of public meetings across the country.
6) The INA figured more prominently as an issue in all these meetings than even the Congress's pitch for votes in the elections that were expected soon
7) It was in this context that the colonial rulers sent up three prominent officers of the INA - Shah Nawaz Khan, P.K. Sehgal and G.S. Dhillon - to trial.
8) The press in India reported the trials with all empathy and editorials sought the soldiers freed immediately.
9) The INA week was marked by processions, hartals and even general strikes across the nation demanding release of the soldiers.
10) The choice of the three men to be sent up for trial ended up rallying all political opinion behind the campaign.
11) The Muslim League, the Shiromani Akali Dal and the Hindu Maha Sabha, all those who had stayed clear of the Quit India campaign, joined the protests and raised funds for their defence.
12) Although the trial court found Sehgal, Dhillon and Shah Nawaz Khan guilty of treason, the commander in chief remitted the sentences and set them free on January 6, 1946.
13) The INA trials, indeed, set the stage for yet another important stage in the history of the Indian National Movement in February 1946.
14) The ratings of the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) raised the banner of revolt.

1) The outbreak of Second World War and Britain's decision to involve India in the War without consulting Congress ministries in provinces, provoked the leaders of Indian National Congress and Gandhi.
2) The Congress ministers resigned in protest.
3) Gandhi launched the individual Satyagraha in October 1940 to keep up the morale of the Congress.
4) The election of Subash Chandra Bose as Congress President upset Gandhi this led to Bose's resignation.
5) The Cripps Mission's proposal of March 1942 bore no fruit.
6) Gandhi decided to embark on the Quit India Movement in August 1942.
Congress Meet at Wardha
1) The Working Committee of the Indian National Congress met at Wardha on July 14, 1942 to launch a mass civil disobedience movement.
2) C.Rajagopalachari and Bhulabhai Desai had reservations against launching a movement
3) Nehru, though not want a movement then bound himself with the majority's decision in the Working Committee.
'Do or Die':
1) The Cripps mission had turned both Gandhi and Nehru sour with the British than any time in the past.
2) Gandhi in a press interview said: 'Leave India to God. If that is too much, then leave her anarchy.
3) The Mahatma called upon the people to 'Do or Die' and called the movement he launched from there as a 'fight to the finish'.
Quit India
1) All the leaders of the Indian National Congress, including Gandhi, were arrested early in the morning on August 9, 1942 by the colonial government.
2) The immediate response by Indian people against the arrest was hartals, in which people from almost all the towns where clashed, often violently, with the police.
3) Industrial workers such as Tata Steel Plant, textile workers in Ahmedabad and across India went on strike.
Brutal Repression:
1) The colonial government responded with brutal repression.
2) police resorted to firing, The army was called in to suppress the protest. Totally 57 battalions were called in as a whole. Aircrafts were used.
3) It spread in its second phase into the villages.
4) A sixty-point increase in prices of food-grains recorded between April and August 1942 had laid the seeds of resentment. . ,
5) The leaders of the Congress, who had managed to escape arrest on August 9 organised the youth into guerrilla actions.
Outbreak of Violence:
1) Beginning late September 1942, the movement took the shape of attacks and destruction of communication facilities such as telegraph lines, railway stations and tracks and setting fire to government offices.
2) This spread across the country and was most intense in Eastern United Provinces, Bihar, Maharashtra and in Bengal.
3)The rebels even set up ·'national governments' in pockets they liberated from the colonial administration.
4) Gandhi's 21 day fast in jail, beginning February 10, 1943, marked a turning point and gave the movement (and even the violence in a limited sense) a great push. Spread and Intensity of the Movement
5) By the end of 1943, the number of persons arrested across India stood at 91,836.
6) The police shot dead 1060 persons during the same period.
7) 208 police outposts, 332 railway stations and 945 post offices were destroyed or damaged very badly.
8) At least 205 policemen defected and joined the rebels.
9) Collective fines were imposed on all the people in a village where public property was destroyed.
Clandestine Radio:
1) Yet another prominent feature of the Quit India movement was the use of Radio by the rebels.
2) The press being censored, the rebels set up a clandestine radio broadcast system from Bombay.
3) The transmitter was shifted from one place to 'another in and around the city. Usha Mehta was the force behind the clandestine radio operations and its broadcast was heard as far away as Madras.
4) The Quit India movement was the most powerful onslaught against the colonial state hitherto.
5) The movement included the Congress, the Socialists, and the Forward Bloc.
6) The movement witnessed unprecedented unity of the people and sent a message that the colonial rulers could not ignore.
Release of Gandhi
1) Gandhi's release from prison, on In health grounds, on May 6, 1944 led to the revival of the Constructive Programme.
2) Congress committees began activities in its garb and the ban on the Congress imposed in the wake of the Quit India movement was thus overcome.
3) The colonial state, meanwhile, put forward a plan for negotiation.
4) Lord Archibald Wavell, who had replaced Linlithgow as Viceroy in October 1943, had begun to work towards another round of negotiation.
The message was clear: The British had no option but to negotiate!