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Published on: 02/01/2020
Application of Differential Calculus
Download Tamil Nadu 12th Standard Maths question papers, model tests, one-mark questions, important questions, and public exam papers in PDF format. Free study materials and answer keys for TN State Board students.
Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Maths Test1.
Find the maximum and minimum values of f(x) = |x+3| ∀ \(x\in R\).
2.
The temperature T in celsius in a long rod of length 10 m, insulated at both ends, is a function of length x given by T = x(10 − x). Prove that the rate of change of temperature at the midpoint of the rod is zero.
3.
The ends of a rod AB which is 5 m long moves along two grooves OX, OY which at the right angles. If A moves at a constant speed of \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) m/sec, what is the speed of B, when it is 4m from O?
4.
Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the function f (x) = 2x3 + 3x2 −12x on [−3, 2]
5.
Find the tangent and normal to the following curves at the given points on the curve
y = x sin x at \(\left( \frac { \pi }{ 2 } ,\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \right) \)
6.
A particle moves so that the distance moved is according to the law s(t) = \(s(t)=\frac{t^{3}}{3}-t^{2}+3\). At what time the velocity and acceleration are zero.
7.
Prove that the semi-vertical angle of a cone of maximum volume and of given slant height is tan-1(\(\sqrt { 2 } \)).
8.
9.
A road running north to south crosses a road going east to west at the point P. Car A is driving north along the first road, and car B is driving east along the second road. At a particular time car A 10 kilometres to the north of P and traveling at 80 km/hr, while car B is 15 kilometres to the east of P and traveling at 100 km/hr. How fast is the distance between the two cars changing?
10.
A particle moves along a horizontal line such that its position at any time t ≥ 0 is given by s(t) = t3 − 6t2 +9 t +1, where s is measured in metres and t in seconds?
(1) At what time the particle is at rest?
(2) At what time the particle changes its direction?
(3) Find the total distance travelled by the particle in the first 2 seconds.
11.
The statement "If f has a local extremum at c and if f'(c) exists then f'(c) = 0" is ________
the extreme value theorem
Fermat's theorem
Law of mean
Rolle's theorem
12.
The critical points of the function f(x) = \((x-2)^{ \frac { 2 }{ 3 } }(2x+1)\) are __________
-1, 2
1, \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
1, 2
none
13.
One of the closest points on the curve x2 - y2 = 4 to the point (6, 0) is
(2,0)
\(\left( \sqrt { 5 } ,1 \right) \)
\(\left( 3,\sqrt { 5 } \right) \)
\(\left( \sqrt { 13 } ,-\sqrt { 3 } \right) \)
14.
The function sin4 x + cos4 x is increasing in the interval
\(\left[ \frac { 5\pi }{ 8 } ,\frac { 3\pi }{ 4 } \right] \)
\(\left[ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } ,\frac { 5\pi }{ 8 } \right] \)
\(\left[ \frac { \pi }{ 4 } ,\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \right] \)
\(\left[ 0,\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right] \)
15.
The point on the curve 6y = x3 + 2 at which y-coordinate changes 8 times as fast as x-coordinate is
(4, 11)
(4, -11)
(-4, 11)
(-4,-11)
16.
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(1) Initial velocity means velocity at t = 0.
(2) Initial acceleration means, acceleration at t = 0.
(3) If the motion is upward, at the maximum height the velocity is not zero.
(4) If the motion is horizontal, u = 0 when the particle comes to rest.
1.
f(x) -|x+3| = ∀ \(x\in R\).
Now, |x+3| ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\in R\).
⇒ f(x) ≥ 0 ∀ \(x\in R\).
So, the minimum value of f(x) is 0
Also, f(x) = |x + 3| does not have the maximum value.
2.
We are given that, T = 10x − x2
Hence, the rate of change at any distance from one end is given by \(\frac{dT}{dx}=10-2x \)
The mid point of the rod is at x = 5
Substituting x = 5, we get \(\frac{dT}{dx}=0\)
3.
Let OA = x m, OB = y m
Then x2 + y2 = 25
Differentiating, \(2x\frac { dx }{ dt } +2y\frac { dy }{ dt } \) = 0
⇒ \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =-\frac { x }{ y } \frac { dx }{ dt } \)
When \(\frac { dx }{ dt } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } ,\frac { dy }{ dt } =\frac { -x }{ 2y } \)
When y = 4, x2 = 25-y2
⇒ x =\(\sqrt { 25-16 } \) = 3
Thus \(\frac { dy }{ dt } =-\frac { 3 }{ 2\times 4 } =\frac { -3 }{ 8 } \).
4.
Differentiating the given function, we get
f'(x) = 6x2 + 6x -12
= 6(x2 + x - 2)
f'(x) = 6(x + 2)(x + 1)
Thus, f'(x) = 0 \(\Rightarrow\) x = -2, 1 \(\in\) (-3, 2).
Therefore, the critical numbers are, x = -2, 1. Evaluating f(x) at the endpoints x = -3, 2 and at critical numbers x = -2,1 we get f(-3) = 9, f(2) = 4, f(-2) = 20 and f(1) = -7.
From these values, the absolute maximum is 20 which occurs at, x = -2 and the absolute minimum is −7 which occurs at x = 1
5.
Equation of the given curve is y = x sin x
∴ slope = m = \(\left( \frac { dy }{ dx } \right) \)\(\left( \frac { \pi }{ 2 } ,\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \right) \)
= \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } cos\frac { \pi }{ 2 } +sin\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
= \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) (0) + 1 = 1
∴ Equating of the tangent is y - y1 = m (x - x1)
⇒ y - \(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \) = 1 \(\left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \right) \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2 y-\pi}{\not 2}=\frac{2 x-\pi}{\not 2}\)
Equating of the normal is y - y1 = \(\frac{-1}{m}\) (x - x1)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2 y-\pi}{\not 2}=\frac{2 x-\pi}{\not 2}\)
⇒ 2x + 2y = 2π
⇒ x + y- π = 0
6.
Distance moved in time 't' is s = \(\frac{t^{3}}{3}-t^{2}+3\)
Velocity at time 't ' is V = \(\frac{ds}{dt}=t^{2}-2t\)
Acceleration at time 't ' is a(t) = \(\frac{dV}{dt}=2t-2\)
Therefore, the velocity is zero when t2 − 2t = 0, that is t = 0, 2. The acceleration is zero when 2t − 2 = 0 . That is at time at time t = 1
7.
Let r be the radius of the base, h be the height of the cone, I be the slant height and θ be the semi vertical angle.
In ΔOAB l2 = h2+r2
⇒ r2 =l2-h2
⇒ V =\(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } { \pi }r^{ 2 }h=\frac { \pi }{ 3 } \)(l2-h2)h
=\(\frac { \pi }{ 3 } \) (l2h - h3)
\(\frac { dv }{ dh } =\frac { \pi }{ 3 } \)(l2-3h2)
\(\frac { dv }{ dh } \)=0
⇒ \(\frac { \pi }{ 3 } \)(l2 - 3h2) = 0
⇒ l2 - 3h2 = 0 ⇒ \(\frac { { l }^{ 2 } }{ { h }^{ 2 } } \) =3
⇒ \(\frac { l }{ h } \) = \(\sqrt { 3 } \) ⇒ h=\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \)
Now, \(\frac { d^{ 2 }V }{ dh^{ 2 } } =\frac { \pi }{ 3 } \)(-6h) = -2πh
at h =\(\frac { l }{ \sqrt { 3 } } ,\frac { d^{ 2 }V }{ dh^{ 2 } } =-2\pi \left( \frac { l }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \right) \) < 0
V is max at h =\(\frac { l }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \)
∴ r2 =l2-\(\frac { { l }^{ 2 } }{ 3 } =\frac { 2{ l }^{ 2 } }{ 3 } \) =2h2
\(\\ \left[ \because h=\frac { l }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \Rightarrow h^{ 2 }=\frac { { l }^{ 2 } }{ 3 } \right] \)
∴ \(\frac { { r }^{ 2 } }{ { h }^{ 2 } } \) =2
⇒ \(\frac { r }{ h } =\sqrt { 2 } \)
⇒ tanθ =\(\sqrt { 2 } \)
⇒ θ = tan-1(\(\sqrt { 2 } \))
8.
9.
Let a(t) be the distance of car A north of P at time t, and b (t) the distance of car B east of P at time t, and let c(t) be the distance from car A to car B at time t. By the Pythagorean Theorem, c(t)2 = a(t)2 + b(t)2
Taking derivatives, we get 2c(t)c'(t) = 2a(t)a'(t) + 2b(t)b'(t).
So, c′ = \(\frac { { aa }^{ ' }+{ bb }^{ ' } }{ c } =\frac { { aa }^{ ' }+{ bb }^{ ' } }{ \sqrt { { a }^{ 2 }+{ b }^{ 2 } } } \)
Substituting known values, we get
\(c' =\frac { (10\times 80)+(15\times 100) }{ \sqrt { { 10 }^{ 2 }+{ 15 }^{ 2 } } } =\frac { 460 }{ \sqrt { 13 } } \) ≈ 127.6 km/hr at the time of intersect
10.
Given that s(t) = t3 − 6t2 + 9t + 1. On differentiating, we get v(t) = 3t2 -12t + 9 and a(t) = 6t −12.
(i) The particle is at rest when v(t) = 0 . Therefore, v(t) = 3(t −1)(t − 3) = 0 gives t = 1 and t = 3.
(ii) The particle changes direction when v (t) changes its sign. Now.
if 0 ≤ t < 1 then both (t −1) and (t − 3) < 0 and hence, v(t) > 0.
If 1< t < 3 then (t −1) > 0 and (t − 3) < 0 and hence, v(t) < 0.
If t > 3 then both (t −1) and (t − 3) > 0 and hence, v(t) > 0.
Therefore, the particle changes direction when t = 1 and t = 3.
(iii) The total distance travelled by the particle from time t = 0 to t = 2 is given by,
|s(0) − s(1)| + |s(1) − s(2)| = |1− 5 | + | 5 − 3| = 6 metres.
11.
(b)
Fermat's theorem
12.
(c)
1, 2
13.
(c)
\(\left( 3,\sqrt { 5 } \right) \)
14.
(c)
\(\left[ \frac { \pi }{ 4 } ,\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \right] \)
15.
(a)
(4, 11)
16.
If the motion is upward, at the maximum height the velocity is not zero.
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