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Published on: 03/12/2019
Applications of Vector Algebra
Download Tamil Nadu 12th Standard Maths question papers, model tests, one-mark questions, important questions, and public exam papers in PDF format. Free study materials and answer keys for TN State Board students.
Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Maths Test1.
If \(\vec { a } =-2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -2\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =3\hat { i } -\hat { j } +3\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =2\hat { i } -5\hat { j } +\hat { k } \) find \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \) and \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \). State whether they are equal.
2.
Prove by vector method that sin(α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
3.
In triangle, ABC the points, D, E, F are the midpoints of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Using vector method, show that the area of ΔDEF is equal to \(\frac{1}{4}\)(area of ΔABC )
4.
Show that the four points whose position vectors are \(6\overset { \wedge }{ i } -7\overset { \wedge }{ j } ,16\overset { \wedge }{ i } -29\overset { \wedge }{ j } -4\overset { \wedge }{ k } ,3\overset { \wedge }{ i } -6\overset { \wedge }{ j } \) are co-planar
5.
Prove that \(\left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } ,\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } ,\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right] \)=\(\left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right] \)
6.
Find the equation of the plane through the intersection of the planes 2x-3y+ z-4 -0 and x - y + z + 1 = 0 and perpendicular to the plane x + 2y - 3z + 6 = 0
7.
Prove by vector method that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
8.
If the planes \({ \overset { \rightarrow }{ r } }.\left( \overset { \wedge }{ i } +2\overset { \wedge }{ j } +3\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) =7\) and \({ \overset { \rightarrow }{ r } }.\left( \lambda \overset { \wedge }{ i } +2\overset { \wedge }{ j } -7\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) =26\) are perpendicular. Find the value of λ.
9.
Find the parametric form of vector equation of the plane passing through the point (1, -1, 2) having 2, 3, 3 as direction ratios of normal to the plane.
10.
Find the Cartesian equation of a line passing through the points A(2, -1, 3) and B(4, 2, 1)
11.
Find the volume of the parallelepiped whose coterminous edges are represented by the vectors \(-6\hat { i } +14\hat { j } +10\hat { k } ,14\hat { i } -10\hat { j } -6\hat { k } \) and \(2\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -2\hat { k } \)
12.
If \(\vec { a } =\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +3\hat { k }, \vec { b } =2\hat { i } +\hat { j } -2\hat { k }, \vec { c } =3\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } \) find \(\vec { a } .(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )\).
13.
If \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ d } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ a } \times \left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } \right) +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \times \left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \right) \), then __________
\(\left| \overset { \rightarrow }{ d } \right| \)
\(\overset { \rightarrow }{ d } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ a } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \)
\(\overset { \rightarrow }{ d } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ 0 } \)
a, b, c are coplanar
14.
The number of vectors of unit length perpendicular to the vectors \(\left( \overset { \wedge }{ i } +\overset { \wedge }{ j } \right) \) and \(\left( \overset { \wedge }{ j } +\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) \)is __________
1
2
3
\(\infty\)
15.
If \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } \) are three non-coplanar vectors such that \(\vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=\frac { \vec { b } +\vec { c } }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \), then the angle between \(\vec { a } \ and \ \vec { b } \) is
\(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
\(\frac { 3\pi }{ 4 } \)
\(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
\( { \pi }\)
16.
If \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \) are unit vectors such that \([\vec { a } ,\vec { b },\vec { a } \times \vec { b } ]=\frac { 1}{ 4 } \), then the angle between \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \) is
\(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)
\(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
\(\frac { \pi }{ 3 } \)
\(\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
17.
If a vector \(\vec { \alpha } \) lies in the plane of \(\vec { \beta } \) and \(\vec { \gamma } \), then
\([\vec { \alpha } ,\vec { \beta } ,\vec { \gamma } ]\) = 1
\([\vec { \alpha } ,\vec { \beta } ,\vec { \gamma } ]\) = -1
\([\vec { \alpha } ,\vec { \beta } ,\vec { \gamma } ]\) = 0
\([\vec { \alpha } ,\vec { \beta } ,\vec { \gamma } ]\) = 2
1.
By definition, \(\vec { a } \times \vec { b } \) \(=\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ -2 & 3 & -2 \\ 3 & -1 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| =7\hat { i } -7\hat { k } \)
Then, \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 7 & 0 & -7 \\ 2 & -5 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =-35\hat { i } -21\hat { j } -35\hat { k } \)......(1)
\(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 3 & -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =14\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -13\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { a } (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ -2 & 3 & -2 \\ 14 & 3 & -13 \end{matrix} \right| =-33\hat { i } -54\hat { j } -48\hat { k } \)....(2)
Therefore, equations (1) and (2) show that \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \)\(\neq \)\((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \)
2.
Let \(\hat { a } =\vec { OA } \) and \(\hat { b } =\vec { OB } \) be the unit vectors and which make angles α,β respectively with positive x-axis
Draw AL and BM 丄 to x-axis
Then \(|\vec { OL } |=|\vec { OA } |cos\alpha \Rightarrow \vec { OL } =\vec { |OL| } \hat { i } =cos\alpha \hat { i } \)
\(|\vec { LA } |=|\vec { OB } |\) sin α
⇒ \(\vec { LA } =|\vec { OB } |\hat { j } =sin\alpha (-\hat { j } )=-sin\alpha \hat { j } \)
[\(\vec { LA } \) is in the opp direction of y axis]
\(\hat { a } =\vec { OA } =\vec { OL } +\vec { LA } =cos\alpha \hat { i } -sin\alpha \check { j } \) ..(1)
Similarly \(\hat { b } =\vec { OB } =\vec { OM } +\vec { MB } =cos\beta \hat { i } +sin\beta \hat { j } \) ...(2)
Now \(\hat { a } \times \hat { b } =|\hat { a } ||\hat { b } |sin(\alpha +\beta )\hat { k } =sin(\alpha +\beta )\hat { k } \) ....(3)
[\(|\hat { a } |=|\hat { b } |\) = 1]
Also \(\hat { a } \times \hat { b } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ cos\alpha & -sin\alpha & 0 \\ cos\beta & cos\beta & 0 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (0)-\hat { j } (0)+\hat { k } \)(cosα sinβ + sinα cosβ)
= (sin α cos β + cos α sin β)\(\hat { k } \) .(4)
using (3) and (4), sin(α+β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
3.
In triangle ABC, consider A as the origin. Then the position vectors of D, E, F are given by \(\frac { \vec { AB } +\vec { AC } }{ 2 } ,\frac { \vec { AC } }{ 2 } ,\frac { \vec { AB } }{ 2 } \) respectively.
Since \(\left| \vec { AB } \times \vec { AC } \right| \) is the area of the parallelogram formed by the two vectors \(\vec { AB }\), \(\vec { AC } \) as adjacent sides, the area of ΔABC is \(\frac{1}{2}\) \(\left| \vec { AB } \times \vec { AC } \right| \). Similarly, considering ΔDEF, we get

the area of ΔDEF = \(\frac{1}{2}\) \(\left| \vec { DE } \times \vec { DF } \right| \)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) \(\left| (\vec { AE }-\vec{AD}) \times (\vec { AF }-\vec{AD}) \right|\)
= \(\left| \frac { \vec { AB } }{ 2 } \times \frac { \vec { AC } }{ 2 } \right| \)
= \(\frac14\) \(\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left| \vec { AB } \times \vec { AC } \right| \right) \)
= \(\frac14\)(the area of ΔABC)
4.
Given \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ OA } =6\overset { \wedge }{ i } -7\overset { \wedge }{ j } ,\overset { \rightarrow }{ OB } =16\overset { \wedge }{ i } -29\overset { \wedge }{ j } -4\overset { \wedge }{ k } ,\overset { \rightarrow }{ OC } =3\overset { \wedge }{ i } -6\overset { \wedge }{ j } \) and \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ OD } =2\overset { \wedge }{ i } +5\overset { \wedge }{ j } +10\overset { \wedge }{ k } \)
\(\overset { \rightarrow }{ AB } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ OB } -\overset { \rightarrow }{ OA } =10\overset { \wedge }{ i } -22\overset { \wedge }{ j } -4\overset { \wedge }{ k } \)
\(\overset { \rightarrow }{ AC } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ OC } -\overset { \rightarrow }{ OA } =-6\overset { \wedge }{ i } +10\overset { \wedge }{ j } -6\overset { \wedge }{ k } \)
\(\overset { \rightarrow }{ AD } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ OD } -\overset { \rightarrow }{ OA } =-4\overset { \wedge }{ i } +12\overset { \wedge }{ j } +10\overset { \wedge }{ k } \)
\(\therefore \left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ AB } \overset { \rightarrow }{ AC } \overset { \rightarrow }{ AD } \right] =\left| \begin{matrix} 10 \\ -6 \\ -4 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -22 \\ -10 \\ 12 \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} -4 \\ -6 \\ 10 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= 10 (100 + 75) + 22(-60 -24) -4(-72 +40)
= 1720 - 1848 + 128 = 0
Hence , the given points are coplanar.
5.
L. H. S = \(\left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } ,\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } ,\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right] \)
\(=\left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) .\left\{ \left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right\} \)
\(=\left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) .\left\{ \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right\} \)
\(=\left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) .\left\{ \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right\} \ \left[ \because \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ 0 } \right] \)
\(=\overset { \rightarrow }{ a } .\left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) +\overset { \rightarrow }{ b } .\left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) +\overset { \rightarrow }{ c } .\left( \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \times \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right) \)
\(=\left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right] +0+0\)
\(\left[ \because \left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right] =\left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right] =0 \right] \)
\(=\left[ \overset { \rightarrow }{ a } \overset { \rightarrow }{ b } \overset { \rightarrow }{ c } \right] \)= R. H. S
Hence proved
6.
The equation of the requir d plane through the intersection of the given plane is
(2x - 3y + z - 4) + λ (x- y + z + 1) = 0 (1)
⇒ (2 + λ) x - (3 + λ) y + (1 + λ) z - 4 + λ = 0
Since this plane perpendicular to x + 2y - 3z + 6 - 0,
We have 1(2 + λ) - 2(3 + λ) - 3(1 + λ)= 0
⇒ 2 + λ - 6 - 2λ - 3 - 3λ = 0
⇒ -4λ - y = 0
⇒ \(\lambda =\frac { 7 }{ 4 } \)
Substituting \(\lambda =\frac { 7 }{ 4 } \) in (1) we get,
(2x - 3y + z - 4) - \(\frac { -7 }{ 4 } \) (x - y + z + 1) = 0
⇒ 4 (2x - 3y + z -4) -7 (x - y + z + 1) = 0
⇒ x - 5y - 3z - 23 = 0 which is the equation of the required plane.
7.

Let OACB be a rhombus. Taking O as the origin, let the position vectors of A and B be \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \) respectively.
Then \(\vec { OA } =\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { OB } =\vec { b } \) [∵ \(\vec { AC } =\vec { OB } \)]
So, the p.v. of C is \(\vec { a } +\vec { b } \)
∴ Position vector O f the miid-point of OC is \(\frac { \vec { a } +\vec { b } }{ 2 } \)
Similarly, the position vector of mid-point of AB is \(\frac { \vec { a } +\vec { b } }{ 2 } \).
Hence, the mid-point of OC coincides with the mid-point of AB.
Now, \(\vec { OC } .\vec { AB } =(\vec { a } +\vec { b } ).(\vec { b } -\vec { a } )=|\vec { b } |^{ 2 }-|\vec { a } |^{ 2 }\)
= OB2- OA2 = 0 [∵ OB = OA]
⇒ \(\vec { OC } \bot \vec { AB } \).
Hence, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
8.
The planes \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ r } .\overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 1 } } ={ d }_{ 1 }\) and \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ r } .\overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 2 } } ={ d }_{ 2 }\) are perpendicular if \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 1 } } .\overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 2 } } =0\)
Here \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 1 } } =\overset { \wedge }{ i } +2\overset { \wedge }{ j } +3\overset { \wedge }{ k } \) and \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 2 } } =\lambda \overset { \wedge }{ i } +2\overset { \wedge }{ j } -7\overset { \wedge }{ k } \)
\(\therefore \overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 1 } } .\overset { \rightarrow }{ { n }_{ 2 } } =\left( \overset { \wedge }{ i } +2\overset { \wedge }{ j } +3\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) .\left( \lambda \overset { \wedge }{ i } +2\overset { \wedge }{ j } -7\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) =0\)
⇒ λ + 4 - 21 = 0
⇒ λ - 17 = 0
⇒ λ = 17
9.
Since the plane passing through the point \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ a } =\overset { \wedge }{ i } -\overset { \wedge }{ j } +2\overset { \wedge }{ k } \) and is normal to the vector \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ n } =2\overset { \wedge }{ i } +3\overset { \wedge }{ j } +2\overset { \wedge }{ k } \)
the vector equation of the plane is \(\overset { \rightarrow }{ r } .\overset { \rightarrow }{ n } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ a } .\overset { \rightarrow }{ n } \)
\(\Rightarrow { \overset { \rightarrow }{ r } }.\left( 2\overset { \wedge }{ i } +3\overset { \wedge }{ j } +2\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) =\left( \overset { \wedge }{ i } -\overset { \wedge }{ j } +2\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) .\left( 2\overset { \wedge }{ i } +3\overset { \wedge }{ j } +2\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) \)
\(\Rightarrow { \overset { \rightarrow }{ r } }.\left( 2\overset { \wedge }{ i } +3\overset { \wedge }{ j } +2\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) \)= 2 - 3 + 4 = 3
\(\therefore { \overset { \rightarrow }{ r } }.\left( 2\overset { \wedge }{ i } +3\overset { \wedge }{ j } +2\overset { \wedge }{ k } \right) \)= 3
10.
Given (x1, y1, z1) is (2, -1, 3) (x2, y2, z2) is (4, 2, 1)
Cartesian equation of a line passing through two points is \(\frac { x-{ x }_{ 1 } }{ { x }_{ 2 }-{ x }_{ 1 } } =\frac { y-{ y }_{ 1 } }{ { y }_{ 2 }-{ y }_{ 1 } } =\frac { z-{ z }_{ 1 } }{ { z }_{ 2 }-{ z }_{ 1 } } \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { x-2 }{ 2 } =\frac { y+1 }{ 3 } =\frac { z-3 }{ -2 } \)
11.
Let \(\vec { a } =-6\hat { i } +14\hat { j } +10\hat { k } \), \(\vec { b } =14\hat { i } -10\hat { j } -6\hat { k } \) and \(\vec { c } =2\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -2\hat { k } \)
Volume of the parallelepiped having \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } \) and \(\vec { c } \) as its co-terminus edges is \(\vec { a } .(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )\).
∴ \(\vec { a } .(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=\left| \begin{matrix} -6 & 14 & 10 \\ 14 & -10 & -6 \\ 2 & 4 & -2 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(-6\left| \begin{matrix} -10 & -6 \\ 4 & -2 \end{matrix} \right| -14\left| \begin{matrix} 14 & -6 \\ 2 & -2 \end{matrix} \right| +10\left| \begin{matrix} 14 & -10 \\ 2 & 4 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= -6(20 + 24) - 14(-28 + 12) + 10(56 + 20)
= -6(44) -14(-16) + 10(76)
= -264 + 224 + 760 = 720.
∴ Volume of the required parallelepiped = 720 cubic units.
12.
Given \(\vec { a } =\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +3\hat { k }, \vec { b } =2\hat { i } +\hat { j } -2\hat { k }, \vec { c } =3\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } \)
∴ \(\vec { a } .(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & -2 & 3 \\ 2 & 1 & -2 \\ 3 & 2 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(1\left| \begin{matrix} 1 & -2 \\ 2 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| +2\left| \begin{matrix} 2 & -2 \\ 3 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| +3\left| \begin{matrix} 2 & 1 \\ 3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= 1(1+4)+2(2+6)+3(4-3)
= 1(5)+2(8)+3(1)
= 5+16+3 = 24
\(\vec { a } .(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )\) = 24
13.
(c)
\(\overset { \rightarrow }{ d } =\overset { \rightarrow }{ 0 } \)
14.
(b)
2
15.
(b)
\(\frac { 3\pi }{ 4 } \)
16.
(a)
\(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)
17.
(c)
\([\vec { \alpha } ,\vec { \beta } ,\vec { \gamma } ]\) = 0
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