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Published on: 06/01/2020
Theory of Equations
Download Tamil Nadu 12th Standard Maths question papers, model tests, one-mark questions, important questions, and public exam papers in PDF format. Free study materials and answer keys for TN State Board students.
Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Maths Test1.
Solve: \({ (5+2\sqrt { 6 } ) }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }+{ (5-2\sqrt { 6 } ) }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=10\)
2.
Find the number of positive integral solutions of (pairs of positive integers satisfying) x2 - y2 = 353702.
3.
Show that the equation x9- 5x5+ 4x4+ 2x2+ 1 = 0 has atleast 6 imaginary solutions.
4.
Find a polynomial equation of minimum degree with rational coefficients, having 2-\(\sqrt{3}\) as a root.
5.
Find the sum of the squares of the roots of ax4+ bx3+ cx2+ dx + e = 0. \(a \neq 0\)
6.
Solve: (2x2 - 3x + 1) (2x2 + 5x + 1) = 9x2.
7.
If a, b, c, d and p are distinct non-zero real numbers such that (a2+b2+c2) p2-2 (ab+bc+cd) p+(b2+c2+d2)≤ 0 then prove that a, b, c, d are in G.P and ad = bc
8.
Solve the equation 9x3- 36x2+ 44x -16 = 0 if the roots form an arithmetic progression.
9.
Solve the equation (2x-3) (6x-1) (3x-2) (x-2)-5 = 0
10.
Solve the equation (x-2) (x-7) (x-3) (x+2)+19 = 0
11.
Find the condition that the roots of cubic x3+ ax2+ bx + c = 0 are in the ratio p : q : r.
12.
Find x If \(x=\sqrt { 2+\sqrt { 2+\sqrt { 2+....+upto\infty } } } \)
13.
Find value of a for which the sum of the squares of the equation x2 - (a- 2) x - a -1 = 0 assumes the least value.
14.
Show that the equation 2x2− 6x +7 = 0 cannot be satisfied by any real values of x.
15.
If ∝, β, ૪ are the roots of the equation x3-3x+11 = 0, then ∝+β+૪ is __________.
0
3
-11
-3
16.
17.
If x is real and \(\frac { { x }^{ 2 }-x+1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }+x+1 } \) then ________
\(\frac{1}{3}\) ≤ k ≤
k ≥ 5
k ≤ 0
none
18.
19.
According to the rational root theorem, which number is not possible rational zero of 4x7 + 2x4 - 10x3 - 5?
-1
\(\frac { 5 }{ 4 } \)
\(\frac { 4 }{ 5 } \)
5
1.
Put 5+2√6 = y; Then 5-2√6 = \(\frac{1}{y}\)
∴ The given equataion becomes,
\({ y }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }+{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=10\)
Put \({ y }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=z ...(1)\)
\(\Rightarrow z+\frac { 1 }{ z } =10\Rightarrow { z }^{ 2 }-10z+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow z=\frac { 10\pm \sqrt { 100-4 } }{ 2 } =5\pm 2\sqrt { 6 } \)
\(\therefore (5+2\sqrt { 6 } )^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=5\pm 2\sqrt { 6 } ={ (5\pm 2\sqrt { 6 } ) }^{ \pm 1 } \)
⇒x2- 3 = 1 or x2- 3 = -1
⇒ x2 = 4 or x2 = 2
⇒ x = 土2 or x = 土 √2
∴ The roots are 2, -2, √2, -√2
2.
Since x2- y2 is even, either both x and y are even or both x and y are odd.
In any case both (x + y) and (x - y) are even integers
∴ x2 - y2= (x + y) (x +y) must be divisible by 4 But 4 does not divide 353702
∴ x2 - y2 = 353702 has no positive integral solutions.
3.
Let p(-x) = x9- 5x5 + 4x4 + 2x2 + 1 = 0
P(x) has only one sign change. It has atmost one positive roots.
Also p(-x) = (-x)9 - 5(-x)5 + 4(-x)4 +2(-x)2 +1 = 0
p(-x) = -x9+ 5x5+4x4+ 2x2+1 = 0
It has only one sign change.
It has atmost one negative roots.
Clearly 0 is not a root.
So maximum number of real roots is 3 and hence there are atleast six imaginary solutions.
4.
Since 2-\(\sqrt{3}\)i is a root and the coefficients are rational numbers, 2+\(\sqrt{3}\)i is also a root. A required polynomial equation is given by
x2 −(Sum of the roots) x + Product of the roots = 0
and hence
x2- 4x +1 = 0 is a required equation.
5.
Let α, β, γ and δ be the roots of ax4+ bx3+ cx2+ dx + e = 0
Σ1 = α + β + γ + δ = -\(\frac { b }{ a } \),
Σ2 = αβ + αγ + αδ + βγ + βδ + γδ = \(\frac { c }{ a } \),
Σ3 = αβγ + αβδ + αγδ + βγδ = -\(\frac { d }{ a } \)
Σ4 = αβγδ =\(\frac { e }{ a } \)
We have to find α2 + β2 + γ2 + δ2
Applying the algebraic identity
(a+b+c+d)2 ≡ a2+b2+c2+d2+2(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd),
we get
α2 + β2 + γ2 + δ2 = (α + β + γ + δ)2-2(αβ + αγ + αδ + βγ + βδ + γδ)
= \(\left( \frac { b }{ a } \right) ^{ 2 }-2\left( \frac { c }{ a } \right) \)
= \(\frac { { b }^{ 2 }-2ac }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \).
6.
Given equation is
(2x2 - 3x + 1) (2x2 + 5x + 1) = 9x2 ....(1)
Clearly x = 0 does not satisfy (1),
∴ (1) can be rewritten as
\(\left( 2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } -3 \right) \left( 2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } +5 \right) =9...(2)\)
put \(2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } =y\)
∴ (2)⇒ (y - 3) (y + 5) = 9
⇒ y2+ 2y-15 = 9
or y2+ 2y - 24 = 0
⇒ (y + 6) (y - 4) = 0
⇒ y = -6, -4
Case (i)
When \(y=-6,2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } =-6\)
2x2+6x+1 = 0
\(\Rightarrow =\frac { -6\pm \sqrt { 36-8 } }{ 4 } \)
\(x=-3\pm \frac { \sqrt { 7 } }{ 2 } \)
Case(ii)
When \(y=4,2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } =4\)
⇒ 2x2- 4x+1 = 0
\(x=\frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16-8}}{4}\)
\(x=\frac { 2\pm \sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } \)
This, the roots are
\(\\ \frac { -3+\sqrt { 7 } }{ 2 } ,\frac { -3-\sqrt { 7 } }{ 2 } ,\frac { 2+\sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } ,\frac { 2-\sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } \)
7.
Given equation is (a2+b2+c2) p2-2
(ab+bc+cd) p+(b2+c2+d2) ≤ 0...(1)
(1) can be rewritten as
(a2p2 - 2abp + b2) + (b2p2 - 2bcp + c2) + (c2p2 - 2cdp + d2) ≤ 0
Since a, b, c, d, p∈ R
(ap-b)2 ≥ 0, (bp-c)2 ≥ 0 and (cp-d)2 ≥ 0
∴ (2) will be satisfied only if
ap - b = 0, bp - c = 0, cp - d = 0
\(\Rightarrow \frac { b }{ a } =\frac { c }{ b } =\frac { d }{ c } =p\)
⇒ a, b, c, d are in G.P and ad = bc
8.
Here, a = 9, b = - 36, c = 44, d = -16
Since the roots form an arithmetic progression,
Let the roots be a - d, a and a + d
Sum of the roots \(=\frac { -b }{ a } \)
\(\Rightarrow (a-d)+(a)+(a+d)=\frac { -(-36) }{ 9 } =4\)
\(\Rightarrow 3a=4\Rightarrow a=\frac { 4 }{ 3 } \)
and product of the roots \(=\frac { -d }{ a } \)
\(=\frac { -(-16) }{ 9 } =\frac { 16 }{ 9 } \)
\(\Rightarrow (a-d)(a)(a+d)=\frac { 16 }{ 9 } \)
\(\left( { a }^{ 2 }-{ d }^{ 2 } \right) (a)=\frac { 16 }{ 9 } \)
\(\left( \frac { 16 }{ 9 } -{ d }^{ 2 } \right) \left( \frac { 4 }{ 3 } \right) =\frac { 16 }{ 9 } \ [\because a=\frac { 4 }{ 3 } ]\)
\(\frac { 16 }{ 9 } -{ d }^{ 2 }=\frac { 16 }{ 9 } \times \frac { 3 }{ 4 } =\frac { 4 }{ 3 } \)
\(\frac { 16 }{ 9 } -\frac { 4 }{ 3 } ={ d }^{ 2 }=\frac { 16 }{ 9 } \times \frac { 3 }{ 4 } =\frac { 4 }{ 3 } \)
\(\frac { 16 }{ 9 } -\frac { 4 }{ 3 } ={ d }^{ 2 }\)
\(\Rightarrow { d }^{ 2 }=\frac { 16-12 }{ 9 } =\frac { 4 }{ 9 } \)
\(\Rightarrow d=\pm \sqrt { \frac { 4 }{ 9 } } =\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \)
∴ The roots are a-d, a, a+d
\(\Rightarrow \frac { 4 }{ 3 } -\frac { 2 }{ 3 } ,\frac { 4 }{ 3 } ,\frac { 4 }{ 3 } +\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \Rightarrow \frac { 2 }{ 3 } ,\frac { 4 }{ 3 } ,2\)
9.
The given equation is same as
(2x-3)(3x-2)(6x-1)(x-2)-5 = 0
After a computation, the above equation becomes
(6x2-13x+6)(6x2-13x+12)-5 = 0
By taking y = 6x2-13x, the above equation becomes
(y+6)(y+12)-5 = 0
which is same as
y2+18y+7 = 0
Solving this equation, we get y = −1 and y = −7.
Substituting the values of y in y = −6x2-13x, we get
6x2-13x+1 = 0
6x2-13x+7 = 0
Solving these two equations, we get
x = 1, x = \(\frac { 7 }{ 6 } \), x = \(\frac { 13 + \sqrt { 145 } }{ 12 } \) and x = \(\frac { 13-\sqrt { 145 } }{ 12 } \)
as the roots of the given equation.
10.
We can solve this fourth degree equation by rewriting it suitably and adopting a technique of substitution. Rewriting the equation as
(x−2)(x−3)(x−7)(x+2)+19 = 0
the given equation becomes
(x2−5x+6)(x2−5x−14)+19 = 0 .
If we take x2 − 5x as y, then the equation becomes (y+6)(y−14)+19 = 0;
that is, y2-8y-65 = 0
Solving this we get solutions y = 13 and y = −5. Substituting this we get two quadratic equations
x2-5x-13 = 0 and x2-5x+5 = 0
which can be solved by usual techniques. The solutions obtained for these two equations together give solutions as \(\frac { 5\pm \sqrt { 77 } }{ 2 } ,\frac { 5\pm \sqrt { 5 } }{ 2 } \).
11.
Since two roots are in the ratio p : q : r, we can assume the roots as pλ, qλ and rλ .
Then, we get
Σ1 = pλ + qλ + rλ = -a .....(1)
Σ2 = (pλ)(qλ)+(qλ)(rλ)+(rλ)(pλ) ..........(2)
Σ3 = (pλ)(qλ)(rλ) = -c .....(3)
Now, we get
(1) ⇒ λ = -\(\frac { a }{ p+q+r } \) ..........(4)
(3) ⇒ λ3 = \(\frac { c }{ pqr } \) ...........(5)
Substituting (4) in (5), we get
\(\left( \frac { a }{ p+q+r } \right) ^{ 3 }=-\frac { c }{ pqr } \) ⇒ pqra3 = c(p+q+ r)3.
12.
We have \(x=\sqrt { 2+x } \)
\(\Rightarrow { x }^{ 2 }=2+x \Rightarrow { x }^{ 2 }-x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac { 1\pm \sqrt { 1+8 } }{ 2 } \Rightarrow x=\frac { 1\pm 3 }{ 2 } \)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac { 1+3 }{ 2 } ,\frac { 1-3 }{ 2 } \Rightarrow x=2,-1\)
Also x>0, we get x = 2
13.
Let ∝, β are the roots of the equation
Sum of the roots \(\alpha +\beta =\frac { -b }{ a } \)
\(=\frac { [-(a-2)] }{ 1 } =a-2\)
Product of the roots \(=\alpha \beta =\frac { c }{ a } \)
\(=\frac { -(a+1) }{ 1 } =-(a+1)\)
we have \({ \alpha }^{ 2 }{ \beta }^{ 2 }=({ \alpha +\beta ) }^{ 2 }-2\alpha \beta \)
\(={ (a-2) }^{ 2 }+2(a+1)\)
\(={ a }^{ 2 }-4a+4+2a+2\)
\(=(a-1{ ) }^{ 2 }+5\)
Thus \(\\ { \alpha }^{ 2 }+{ \beta }^{ 2 }\) is least if a = 1
14.
Δ = b2- 4ac = -20 < 0. The roots are imaginary numbers.
15.
(a)
0
16.
(a)
17.
(a)
\(\frac{1}{3}\) ≤ k ≤
18.
(a)
19.
(c)
\(\frac { 4 }{ 5 } \)
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