(a) Digoxin is obtained from Digitalis purpuria.
(b) Vincristine is obtained from Catharanthus roseus.

Cybrid is a cytoplasmic hybrid obtained by the fusion of cytoplasm of cells of different parental sources; a term applied to the fusion of cytoplasms of two different protoplasts.

Protoplasts are the cells without a cell wall, bounded by cell membrane. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) is used to test the viability of protoplast.

The growing of cells including the culture of single cells or small aggregates of cells in vitro in liquid medium is known as cell suspension culture.

Based on the explants some other plant tissue culture types are:
1. Organ culture
2. Meristem culture
3. Protoplast culture
4. Cell culture

Hardening is the gradual exposure of in vitro developed plantlets in humid chambers in diffused light for acclimatization so as to enable them to grow under normal field conditions.

(a) Callus is a mass of unorganized growth of plant cells or tissues in in vitro culture medium.
(b) The callus cells undergoes differentiation and produces somatic embryos, known as Embryoids.

Glycine 2.0 mg/l, Nicotinic acid 0.5 mg/l, Pyridoxin HCI 0.5 mg/l and Thiamine HCI 0.1 mg/l.

Agar is a complex mucilaginous polysaccharide obtained from marine algae (sea weeds), used as solidifying agent of culture media.

(a) Murashige and Skoog medium
(b) Gamborg medium
(c) White medium
(d) Nitsch's medium

1. Culture media are sterilized by Autoclaving.
2. Explants are surface sterilized by chemicals.

Sterilization is the technique employed to get rid of microbes such as bacteria and fungi in the culture medium, vessels and explants.

The property of live plant cells that they have the genetic potential when cultured in nutrient medium to give rise to a complete individual plant.

Basic concepts of plant tissue culture are totipotency, differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation.

Growing plant protoplasts, cells, tissues or organs away from their natural or normal environment, under artificial condition, is known as Tissue Culture.