(i) Male Ascaris is shorter than female Ascaris
(ii)The posterior end of the male worm is carried whereas in female worm this is not found.

It is a toxin produced by lysis of insected red blood cells in a person affected with malaria. This causes malaria symptoms such as fever, chills, shivering etc.,

In the life cycle of plasmodium, the oocyte undergoes meiosis by a process called sporogony to from sporozoites. This takes place in the gut of the mosquito

(i) Quartan malaria - Plasmodium malariae
(ii) Mild tertian Malaria - Plasmodium ovale

Korsakoff syndrome a chronic memory disorder is most commonly caused by alcohol misuse.

(i) It is possible to break the transmission cycle by killing the insect vector. Mosquitoes lay their eggs in water.
(ii) Larvae hatch and develop in water but breathe air by moving to the surface.
(iii) Oil can be sprayed over the water surface, to make it impossible for mosquito larvae and pupae to breathe.

(i) An organism which completes its life cycle in two hosts is said to be digenic,
(ii) Eg : plasmodium vivax which casues malaria is a digenic parasite invading man as secondary host and female Anopheles mosquito as primary host.

Casual agent - Trypanosoma gambiense
Vector - Tsetse fly

Rubella Virus - causes Measles
Polio virus - causes Poliomyelitis

A virus which is transmitted from animals to human beings is called zoonotic virus.
Eg.Nipah virus

Causal agent of swine flu HI N1 virus strain Symptoms sore throat, fever, cough, body ache and weakness.

Non-infection diseases are not transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person. In origin they may be genetic (cystic fibrosis), nutritional (vitamin deficiency diseases) and degenerative (arthritis, heart attack, stroke).

Schizogony, gametogony and sporogony

Diseases which are transmitted from one person to another are called infectious diseases or communicable diseases. Eg tuberculosis