Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils, fats or greases. Biodiesel fuel can be used in diesel engines without altering the engine. Pure biodiesel is non-toxic, biodegradable and produces lower level of air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel fuel.

The principal substrates for the commercial production of industrial alcohol include molasses or corn, potatoes and wood wastes

Oenology is the science and study of wine and wine making.

The "Pasteur effect" is the inhibiting effect of oxygen on the fermentation process.

Zymology an applied science which deals with the biochemical process of fermentation and its practical uses.

"superbug "is a term used to describe strains of bacteria that are resistant to the majority of antibiotics commonly used today.

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drug designed to kill or inhibit their growth. Thus they multiply and antibiotics cannot light them.

(i) Tetracycline is a broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic. It inhibits microbial protein synthesis.
(ii) Penicillin is a bactericidal antibiotic and inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall.

Antibiotics are classified as:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics: They act against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.
Eg.streptomycin
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics They are active against a selected group of bacterial types

Antibiosis is the property of antibiotics to kill microorganisms.

Alexander Fleming discovered the antibiotic penicillin but its full potential as an effective antibiotic was established Earnest Chain and Howard Florey when they treated the wounded soldiers in World War II with penicillin Fleming, Chain and Floery were awarded the Nobel prize in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin.

Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms which can kill or retard the growth of other disease causing microbes even in low concentration. Antibiotic means ''against life".

Prebiotics are compounds in food (fibers) that induce the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms.

Probiotics are live microorganisms intended to provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora Lactic acid bacteria in milk.

BOD stands for Biological Oxygen Demand. BOD refers to the amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one liter of water were oxidized by bacteria. The greater the BOD of the waste water, the more is its polluting potential.