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TN 12th Computer Applications வலையமைப்பு வடமிடல் Sample Question Papers Study Material - QB365 Set A

Published on: 02/09/2022
QB365 provides a detailed and simple solution for every Possible Book Back Questions in Class 12 Business Maths Subject - Integral Calculus – I, English Medium. It will help Students to get more practice questions, Students can Practice these question papers in addition to score best marks.
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1.
Evaluate \(\int_{2}^{3} \frac{x^{4}+1}{x^{2}} d x\)
2.
If f(x) = \(\begin{cases} { x }^{ 2 }, \\ x, \\ x-4, \end{cases}\begin{matrix} -2 & \le & x \\ 1 & \le & x \\ 2 & \le & x \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} < & 1 \\ < & 2 \\ \le & 4 \end{matrix}\), then find the following
(i) \(\int _{ -2 }^{ 1.5 }{ f(x) } dx\)
(ii) \(\int _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ f(x) } dx\)
3.
Evaluate
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -{ x }^{ 2 } } } dx\)
4.
Evaluate the following
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -\frac { x }{ 2 } } } { x }^{ 5 }dx\)
5.
Evaluate the following integrals:
\(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }{ e }^{ -2x } } dx\)
6.
Evaluate the following integrals:
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \sqrt { x(x-1) } } \) dx
7.
Evaluate the following integrals:
ഽ log(x −\(\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \)) dx
8.
Evaluate the following integrals:
ഽ(x +1)2 log x dx
9.
Evaluate the following integrals:
ഽ\(\sqrt { 9{ x }^{ 2 }+12x+3 } \) dx
10.
Evaluate the following integrals:
ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ { e }^{ x }+6+{ 5e }^{ -x } } \)
11.
Evaluate the following integrals:
ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ { { 2-3x-2x }^{ 2 } } } \)
12.
Evaluate the following integrals:
ഽ\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x+3 } } \)dx
13.
\(If \ f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{l}x^{2} e^{-2 x}, x \geq 0 \\ 0, \text { otherwise }\end{array}\right., then \ evaluate \int_{0}^{\infty} f(x) d x\)
14.
Evaluate the following using properties of definite integrals:
\(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ \log\left( \frac { 2-x }{ 2+x } \right) } dx\)
15.
Evaluate the following using properties of definite integrals:
\(\int_{-\frac{\pi}{2}}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin ^{2} \theta d \theta\)
16.
Evaluate the following: f(x) = \(\begin{cases} cx, \\ 0, \end{cases}\begin{matrix} 0 < x < 1 \\ \text{otherwise} \end{matrix}\)
17.
Evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ f(x) } dx\) where f(x) = \(\begin{cases} x, \\ -x, \end{cases}\begin{matrix} x & \ge & 0 \\ x & < & 0 \end{matrix}\)
18.
Evaluate the following:
\(\int_{0}^{2} f(x) d x \)where f (x)= \(\begin{cases} 3-2 x-x^{2}, x \leq 1 \\ x^{2}+2 x-3,1, \end{cases}\begin{matrix} \\ \end{matrix}\)
19.
Evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ 4 }{ f(x) } dx\) where f(x) = \(\begin{cases} 4x+3, \\ 3x+5, \end{cases}\begin{matrix} 1 & \le & x \\ 2 & \le & x \end{matrix}\begin{matrix} \le & 2 \\ \le & 4 \end{matrix}\)
20.
Using second fundamental theorem, evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \frac { x-1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } dx } \)
21.
Using second fundamental theorem, evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ \sqrt { 1+ \cos x } dx } \)
22.
Using second fundamental theorem, evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ \frac { 2x+3 }{ { x }^{ 2 }+3x+7 } dx } \)
23.
Using second fundamental theorem, evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ e }{ \frac { dx }{ x(1{ +logx) }^{ 3 } } } \)
24.
Using second fundamental theorem, evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ { xe }^{ { x }^{ 2 } } } \) dx
25.
Using second fundamental theorem, evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ 3 }{ \frac { { e }^{ x }dx }{ 1+{ e }^{ x } } } \)
26.
Using second fundamental theorem, evaluate the following:
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \frac { xdx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+1 } } \)
27.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 1 }^{ 4 }{ f(x) } dx\), where f(x) = \(\begin{cases} 7x+3,if \ 1\le x\le 3 \\ 8x,if \ 3\le x\le 4 \end{cases}\)
28.
If \(\int _{ a }^{ b }{ dx } =1\) and \(\int _{ a }^{ b }{ xdx } =1\), then find a and b
29.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }\) x sin x dx
30.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 1 }^{ e }{ \log x } \) dx
31.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \frac { 1 }{ (x+1)(x+2) } } dx\)
32.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { x }^{ 2 } } { e }^{ { -x }^{ 3 } }dx\)
33.
Evaluate \(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ x\sqrt { x+1 } } dx\)
34.
Evaluate \(\int _{ a }^{ b }{ \frac { \sqrt { \log x } }{ x } dx } \) a, b > 0
35.
Evaluate \(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ { ({ x }^{ 3 }+{ 3x }^{ 2 }) }^{ 3 } } \) (x2 + 2x)dx
36.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ [{ e }^{ a \log x }+{ e }^{ x \log a }] } dx\)
37.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ { cos }^{ 2 }xdx } \)
38.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ ({ e }^{ x }-{ 4a }^{ x }+2+\sqrt [ 3 ]{ x } } )dx\)
39.
Find the integration for \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =\frac { 2x }{ { 5x }^{ 2 }+1 } \) with limiting values as 0 and 1
40.
Evaluate \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ ({ x }^{ 3 }+7{ x }^{ 2 }-5x) } \) dx
41.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { 1 }{ x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \)
42.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\sqrt { { 2x }^{ 2 }+4x+1 } \)
43.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\sqrt { { 1+x+x }^{ 2 } } \)
44.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 8 }-1 } } \)
45.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-3x+2 } } \)
46.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+6x+13 } } \)
47.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { { e }^{ x } }{ { e }^{ 2x }-9 } \)
48.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { { 1 } }{ { 2x }^{ 2 }+6x-8 } \)
49.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }+3x+2 } \)
50.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }-x-2 } \)
51.
Integrate the following with respect to x
\(\frac { 1 }{ { 9-8x-x }^{ 2 } } \)
52.
Evaluate ഽ\(\frac { 1 }{ x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \) dx
53.
Evaluate ഽ\(\sqrt { x^{ 2 }-4x+3 } \) dx
54.
Evaluate ഽ\(\frac { { x }^{ 3 }dx }{ \sqrt { x^{ 8 }+1 } } \)
55.
Evaluate ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+4x+8 } } \)
56.
Evaluate ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-3x+2 } } \)
57.
Evaluate ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ x^{ 2 }-3x+2 } \)
58.
Evaluate ഽ\(\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ { x }^{ 2 }-25 } \)dx
59.
Evaluate ഽ \(\frac { dx }{ 2+x-{ x }^{ 2 } } \)
60.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\({ e }^{ 3x }\left[ \frac { 3x-1 }{ { 9x }^{ 2 } } \right] \)
61.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\({ e }^{ x }\left[ \frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 2 }{ { x }^{ 3 } } \right] \)
62.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { { x }^{ e-1 }+{ e }^{ x-1 } }{ { x }^{ e }+{ e }^{ x } } \)
63.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { (\log x)^{ 3 } }{ x } \)
64.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { { e }^{ 3logx } }{ { x }^{ 4 }+1 } \)
65.
Evaluate ഽe2x\(\left[ \frac { 2x-1 }{ { 4x }^{ 2 } } \right] \)dx
66.
Evaluate \(\int { { e }^{ x }\left( { x }^{ 2 }+2x \right) dx } \)
67.
Evaluate \(\int { { x }^{ 3 }{ e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } }dx } \)
68.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { dx }{ x\left( { x }^{ 3 }+1 \right) } } \)
69.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ { \left( { x }^{ 2 }+1 \right) }^{ 3 } } dx } \)
70.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(x^{ 5 }{ e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } }\)
71.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
xn log x
72.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
x log x
73.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
log x
74.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
x3e3x
75.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
xe−x
76.
Evaluate \(\int { \left( { x }^{ 2 }-2x+5 \right) } { e }^{ -x }dx\)
77.
Evaluate \(\int { } \)x3 logx dx
78.
Evaluate \(\int { } \)x3exdx
79.
Evaluate \(\int { } \)xex dx
80.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { 1 }{ { \sin }^{ 2 }x{ \cos }^{ 2 }x } [Hint:\sin ^{ 2 }+{ \cos }^{ 2 }x=1]\)
81.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { { \cos 2x+2 \sin }^{ 2 }x }{ { \cos }^{ 2 }x } \)
82.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
sin3 x
83.
Evaluate \(\int { } \)cos3 x dx
84.
If f′(x) = ex and f(0) = 2, then find f(x)
85.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { 1 }{ x{ \left( \log x \right) }^{ 2 } } \)
86.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\left[ 1-\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right] { e }^{ \left( x+\frac { 1 }{ x } \right) }\)
87.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { { e }^{ 3x }+{ e }^{ 5x } }{ { e }^{ x }+{ e }^{ -x } } \)
88.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { { e }^{ 3x }-{ e }^{ -3x } }{ { e }^{ x } } \)
89.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
(ex +1)2 ex
90.
Integrate the following with rexpect to x
\(\frac { { a }^{ x }-{ e }^{ xlogb } }{ { e }^{ xloga }{ b }^{ x } } \)
91.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
ex log a + ea log a − enlog x
92.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { { 5+5e }^{ 2x } }{ { e }^{ x }+{ e }^{ -x } } dx } \)
93.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
If f' x = 1/x and f(1) = π/4, then find f(x).
94.
Integrate the following with respect x
\(\frac { 3x+2 }{ \left( x-2 \right) \left( x-3 \right) } \)
95.
Integrate the following with respect x.
\(\frac { { x }^{ 3 }+3x^{ 2 }-7x+11 }{ x+5 } \)
96.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ x+2 } \)
97.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { { x }^{ 4 }-{ x }^{ 2 }+2 }{ x-1 } \)
98.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { 7x-1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }-5x+6 } dx } \)
99.
Evaluate \(\int \frac{x^{3}+5 x^{2}-9}{x+2} d x\)
100.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 2 }+2x+3 }{ x+1 } dx}\)
101.
If f '(x) = 8x3 − 2x and f(2) = 8, then find f(x)
102.
If f'(x) = x + b, f(1)= 5 and f(2) = 13, then find f(x)
103.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+1 } +\sqrt { x-1 } } \)
104.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\frac { 8x+13 }{ \sqrt { 4x+7 } } \)
105.
Integrate the following with respect to x.
\(\sqrt{x}\)(x3 − 2x + 3)
106.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x-2 } } } dx\)
107.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { x+2 }{ \sqrt { 2x+3 } } } dx\)
108.
Evaluate \(\int { \frac { { 2x }^{ 2 }-14x+24 }{ x-3 } dx } \)
109.
Evaluate \(\int \frac{a x^{2}+b x+c}{\sqrt{x}} d x\)
1.
\( \int_{2}^{3} \frac{x^{4}+1}{x^{2}} d x =\int_{2}^{3}\left(x^{2}+x^{-2}\right) d x \)
\(=\left[\frac{x^{3}}{3}-\frac{1}{x}\right]_{2}^{3} \)
\(=\left(9-\frac{1}{3}\right)-\left(\frac{8}{3}-\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{13}{2} \)
2.
(i) \(\int _{ -2 }^{ 1.5 }{ f(x) } dx=\int _{ -2 }^{ 1 }{ f(x)dx } +\int _{ 1 }^{ 1.5 }{ f(x) } dx=3+\int _{ 1 }^{ 1.5 }{ xdx } \) using (i)
\(=3+{ \left[ \frac { { { x }^{ 2 } } }{ 2 } \right] }_{ 1 }^{ 1.5 }=3+\frac { 2.25 }{ 2 } -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } =3+\frac { 1.25 }{ 2 } =3.62\)
(ii) \(\int _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ f(x) } dx=\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ f(x) } dx+\int _{ 2 }^{ 3 }{ f(x) } dx\)
\(=\frac { 3 }{ 2 } +\left( \frac { -3 }{ 2 } \right) =0\) using (ii) and (iii)
3.
\(\Gamma (n)=\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { t }^{ n-1 }{ e }^{ -t } } dt\)
Put t = x2 ⇒ dt = 2xdx
∴ \(\Gamma (n)=\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -{ x }^{ 2 } }{ \left( { x }^{ 2 } \right) }^{ n-1 } } 2xdx\)
= \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -{ x }^{ 2 } } } { x }^{ 2n-2 }2xdx\)
= \(2\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -{ x }^{ 2 } } } { x }^{ 2n-1 }dx\)
Put \(n=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \), we have
\(\Gamma \left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) =2\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -{ x }^{ 2 } } } dx\)
\(⇒\sqrt { \pi } =2\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -{ x }^{ 2 } } } dx\)
\(∴\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -{ x }^{ 2 } } } dx\) = \(\frac { \sqrt { \pi } }{ 2 } \)
4.
Let I = \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -\frac { x }{ 2 } } } { x }^{ 5 }dx\)
Here n = 5 and \(a=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
\(\left[ \because \int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { x }^{ n }{ e }^{ -ax }dx=\frac { n! }{ { a }^{ n+1 } } } \right] \)
\(\therefore I=\frac { 5! }{ { \left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 5+1 } } =\frac { 5! }{ { \left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 6 } } ={ 2 }^{ 6 }(5!)\)
5.
Let \(I=\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } e^{ -2x }dx\)
u = x2 dv = e-2x
u1 = 2x \(v=\cfrac { { e }^{ -2x } }{ -2 } =\cfrac { -e^{ -2x } }{ 2 } \)
u4 = 2 \({ v }_{ 1 }=+\cfrac { { e }^{ -2x } }{ 4 } \)
\({ v }_{ 2 }=-\cfrac { { e }^{ -2x } }{ 8 } \)
Using Bernoulli's formula
I = uv = u1v1 + u4v2
= \(\left[ { x }^{ 2 }\left( \cfrac { -e^{ -2x } }{ 2 } \right) -2x\left( \cfrac { { e }^{ -2x } }{ 4 } \right) +2\left( \cfrac { -e^{ -2x } }{ 8 } \right) \right] _{ -1 }^{ 1 }\)
= \(\left( { e }^{ -2x }\left[ \cfrac { -{ x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } -\cfrac { x }{ 2 } -\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \right] \right) \)

\(\left( { e }^{ -2x }\left[ \cfrac { -{ x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } -\cfrac { x }{ 2 } -\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \right] \right) \)
= \({ e }^{ -2 }\left( -\cfrac { 5 }{ 4 } \right) -{ e }^{ 2 }\left( -\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \right) \)
= \(\cfrac { -5 }{ 4 } { e }^{ -2 }+\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } { e }^{ 2 }\)
= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \left( { e }^{ 2 }-\cfrac { 5 }{ { e }^{ 2 } } \right) =\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \left( \cfrac { { e }^{ 4 }-5 }{ { e }^{ 2 } } \right) \)
6.
\(I=\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \sqrt { x(x-1) } dx } \)
= \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-xdx } } \)
= \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-x+\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } -\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } dx } } \)
= \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \sqrt { \left( x-\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) ^{ 2 }-\left( \cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) ^{ 2 }dx } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } dx } =\cfrac { x }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 } } -\cfrac { { a }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log\left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } \right| \right] \)
= \(\left[ \cfrac { x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-x } -\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \log|x-\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } +\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-x } \right] _{ 0 }^{ 1 }\)
= \(\left[ \cfrac { 1-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }{ 2 } \sqrt { 0 } -\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \log|1-\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } +0| \right] -\left[ 0-\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \log|-\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } | \right] \)
= \(-\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \log\left| \cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \right| +\cfrac { 1 }{ 8 } \log\left| \cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \right| \)
= 0
7.
Let \(I=\int { \log\left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) dx } \)
Let \(u=\log\left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) \)
dv = dx
and v = x
\(du=\cfrac { 1 }{ x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \left[ \cfrac { d }{ dx } \left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) \right] dx\)

= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \left( 1-\cfrac { x }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \right) dx\)
= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 } } -1 } \left( \cfrac { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1-x } }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \right) dx\)

\(du=\cfrac { -1 }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }1 } } dx\)
\(\therefore\) Using integration by parts,
\(I=\int { u } dv==uv-\int { v } du\)
= \(\int { \log } (x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } )dx\)
= \(x \log\left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) -\int { x } \left( \cfrac { -1 }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } dx \right) \)
= \(x \log\left( { x }^{ 2 }-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) +\int { \cfrac { x }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } dx } \)
= \(I=x \log\left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) +{ I }_{ 1 }\)
Consider
\({ I }_{ 1 }=\int { \cfrac { x }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } dx } \)
Put t =x2-1
\(dt=2xdx\Rightarrow \cfrac { dt }{ 2 } =xdx\)
\({ I }_{ 1 }=\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \cfrac { dt }{ \sqrt { t } } =\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { t^{ -\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } } } dt } \)

= \(\sqrt { t } =\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \)
\(\left[ \because t={ x }^{ 2 }-1 \right] \)
Substituting I in (1) we get,
\(I=x \log\left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) +\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } +c\)
8.
Let I = ഽ(x +1)2 log x dx
Let u = logx dv = (x+1)2dx
\(du=\cfrac { 1 }{ x } dx\quad v=\cfrac { \left( x+1 \right) ^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \)
\(\therefore\) Using integration by parts,
\(I=\int { udv } =uv-\int { vdu } \)
\(I=\int { \left( x+1 \right) ^{ 2 }\log xdx } \)
= \(\cfrac { (x+1)^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \log x-\int { \cfrac { \left( x+1 \right) ^{ 3 } }{ 3 } .\cfrac { 1 }{ x } dx } \)
= \(\cfrac { \left( x+1 \right) ^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \log x-\cfrac { 1 }{ 3 } \int { \cfrac { { x }^{ 3 }+{ 3x }^{ 2 }+3x+1 }{ x } } \)
= \(\cfrac { \left( x+1 \right) ^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \log x-\cfrac { 1 }{ 3 } \int { \left( { x }^{ 2 }+3x+3+\cfrac { 1 }{ x } \right) dx } \)
= \(\cfrac { \left( x+1 \right) ^{ 3 } }{ 3 } \log x-\cfrac { 1 }{ 3 } \left[ \cfrac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } +\cfrac { { 3x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +3x+\log|x| \right] +c\)
= \(\left[ \left( x+1 \right) ^{ 3 }\log x-\cfrac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } -\cfrac { { 3x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } -3x-log|x| \right] +c\)
9.
\(I=\int { \sqrt { { 9x }^{ 2 }+12x+3 } dx } \)
= \(\int { \sqrt { 9\left( { x }^{ 2 }+\cfrac { 12 }{ 9 } x+\cfrac { 3 }{ 9 } \right) dx } } \)
= \(3\int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+\cfrac { 4 }{ 3 } x+\cfrac { 1 }{ 3 } dx } } \)
= \(3\int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+\frac { 4 }{ 3 } x+\frac { 4 }{ 9 } -\frac { 4 }{ 9 } +\frac { 1 }{ 3a } dx } } \)
\(\left[ \cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( \cfrac { 4 }{ 3 } \right) \right] ^{ 2 }=\left( \cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 2 }=\cfrac { 4 }{ 9 } \)
Adding & subtracting \(\cfrac { 4 }{ 9 } \)
= \(3\int { \sqrt { \left( x+\cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 2 }-\left( \cfrac { 1 }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 2 }dx } } \)
= \(\int { \sqrt { \left( x+\cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 2 }-\left( \cfrac { 1 }{ 3 } \right) ^{ 2 }dx } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } dx } =\cfrac { x }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } -\cfrac { { a }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log|x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } |+c \right] \)
= \(3\left[ \cfrac { \left( x+\cfrac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+\cfrac { 12x }{ 9 } +\cfrac { 3 }{ 9 } } -\cfrac { 1 }{ 9(2) } \log\left| x+\cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } +\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+\cfrac { 12x }{ 9 } +\cfrac { 3 }{ 9 } } \right| \right] +c\)
= \(3\left[ \cfrac { 3x+2\sqrt { 9{ x }^{ 2 }+12x+3 } }{ 3 } -\cfrac { 1 }{ 18 } \log|3x+2+\sqrt { 9{ x }^{ 2 }+12x+3 } \right] +c\)
= \(\cfrac { 3x+2 }{ 6 } \sqrt { { 9x }^{ 2 }+12x+3-\cfrac { 1 }{ 6 } } \log\left| 3x+2+\sqrt { 9{ x }^{ 2 }+12x+3 } \right| +c\)
10.
\(I=\int { \cfrac { dx }{ { e }^{ x }+6+\frac { 5 }{ { e }^{ x } } } } \)
= \(\int { \cfrac { { e }^{ x }dx }{ { e }^{ 2x }+6{ e }^{ x }+5 } } \)
Put \({ e }^{ x }=t\Rightarrow { e }^{ x }dx=dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int { \cfrac { dt }{ { t }^{ 2 }+6t+5 } } \)
\(I=\int { \cfrac { dt }{ \left( t+5 \right) \left( t+1 \right) } } \)
= \(\int { \cfrac { A }{ t+5 } dt+\int { \cfrac { B }{ t+1 } dt } } \)
\(\cfrac { 1 }{ \left( t+5 \right) \left( t+1 \right) } =\cfrac { A }{ t+5 } +\cfrac { B }{ t+1 } \)
\(\Rightarrow I=A(t+1)+b(t+5)\)
Put t = - 1
\(\Rightarrow 1=B(-1+5)\)
\(\Rightarrow 1=B(4)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \)
Put t = - 5
\(\Rightarrow 1=A(-5+1)\)
I=A(-4)
\(\Rightarrow A=-\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \)
From (1),\(I=\int { \cfrac { -\frac { 1 }{ 4 } dt }{ t+5 } } +\int { \cfrac { \frac { 1 }{ 4 } dt }{ t+1 } } \)
= \(-\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \log\left| t+5 \right| +\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \log|t+1|+c\)
= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \left[ \log|t+1|-\log t+5| \right] +c\)
= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \log\left| \cfrac { t+1 }{ t+5 } \right| +c\)
= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 4 } \log\left| \cfrac { { e }^{ x }+1 }{ { e }^{ x }+5 } \right| +c\)
\(\left[ \because t={ e }^{ x } \right] \)
11.
\(I=\int { \cfrac { dx }{ 2-3x-{ 2x }^{ 2 } } } \)= \(-\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \cfrac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+\frac { 3 }{ 2 } x-1 } } \)
\(=-\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \cfrac { dx }{ \left( x+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \right) ^{ 2 }-1-\frac { 9 }{ 16 } } } \)
= \(-\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \cfrac { dx }{ \left( x+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \right) ^{ 2 }-\frac { 25 }{ 16 } } } \)
= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \cfrac { dx }{ \left( \frac { 5 }{ 4 } \right) ^{ 2 }-\left( x+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \right) ^{ 2 } } } \)
= \(\left[ \because \int { \cfrac { dx }{ { a }^{ 2 }-{ x }^{ 2 } } =\cfrac { 1 }{ 2a } log\left( \cfrac { a+x }{ a-x } \right) } +c \right] \)
= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \cfrac { 1 }{ 2\times \frac { 5 }{ 4 } } log\left[ \cfrac { \frac { 5 }{ 4 } +x+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } }{ \frac { 5 }{ 4 } -x\frac { 3 }{ 4 } } - \right] \right] +c\)

= \(\cfrac { 1 }{ 5 } log\left[ \cfrac { 2+x }{ 1-2x } \right] +c\)
12.
\(I=\int { \cfrac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x+3 } } } dx\)
Multiply and divide with the conjugate of the denominator,
\(I=\int { \cfrac { \sqrt { x+2 } +\sqrt { x+3 } }{ \left( \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x+3 } \right) \left( \sqrt { x+2 } +\sqrt { x+3 } \right) } } \)
= \(\int { \cfrac { \sqrt { x+2 } +\sqrt { x+3 } }{ \left( x+2 \right) -\left( x+3 \right) } dx } \)
\(\left[ \because \left( a+b \right) \left( a-b \right) ={ a }^{ 2 }-{ b }^{ 2 } \right] \)

= \(\\ \int { \left( \sqrt { x+2 } +\sqrt { x+3 } \right) dx } \)
= \(\left[ \frac { \left( x+2 \right) ^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } }{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } +\frac { \left( x+3 \right) ^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } }{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } \right] +c\quad \)
= \(-\cfrac { 2 }{ 3 } \left[ \left( x+2 \right) ^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } }+\left( x+3 \right) ^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } \right] +c\)
13.
Given f(x) = \(\begin{cases} { { x }^{ 2 }{ e }^{ -2x },x\ge 0 } \\ 0,\quad otherwise \end{cases}\)
\(\therefore \int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ f\left( x \right) dx } =0\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { x }^{ 2 } } { e }^{ -2x }dx\)
Here n = 2 and a = 2
\(\therefore \int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ f\left( x \right) dx } =\frac { 2! }{ { 2 }^{ 2+1 } } =\frac { 2! }{ { 2 }^{ 3 } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { x }^{ n }{ e }^{ -ax }dx=\frac { n! }{ { a }^{ n+1 } } } \right] \)
\(\therefore \int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ f\left( x \right) } dx=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \)
14.
Let f(x) = log \(\left( \frac { 2-x }{ 2+x } \right) \)
= log (2-x) - log(2+x)
f(-x) = log (2-(-x)) - log (2-x)
= log (2+x) - log(2-x)
= -[log (2-x) - log(2+x)]
= -f(x)
∴ f(-x) = -f(x) ⇒ f(x) is an odd function.
∴ By the property, \(\int _{ -a }^{ a }{ f\left( x \right) } dx=0\) if f(x) is an odd function.
\(\Rightarrow \int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ \log { \left( \frac { 2-x }{ 2+x } \right) } } dx=0\)
15.
Let f(θ) = sin2θ
f(-θ) = [sin(-θ)]2
= [-sin θ]2
[Since sin θ is an odd function]
= sin2 θ
= f(θ)
∴f(-θ) = f(θ)⇒ f(θ) is an even function
∴By the property, \(\int _{ -a }^{ a }{ f\left( x \right) } dx\)
\(=2\int _{ 0 }^{ a }{ f\left( x \right) } dx\) if f(x) is an even function
\(\Rightarrow \int _{ -\frac { \pi }{ 2 } }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ { \sin }^{ 2 } } \theta \ d\theta= 2\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ { \sin }^{ 2 }\theta \ d\theta } \)
\(=2\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ \frac { \left( 1-\cos2\theta \right) }{ 2 } d\theta } \)
[∵ cos 2θ = 1 - 2sin2θ ⇒ 2 sin2θ = 1- cos2θ ⇒ sin2θ \(=\frac { 1-\cos2\theta }{ 2 } \)]
\(=\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ \left( 1-\cos { 2\theta } \right) } d\theta ={ \left[ \theta -\frac { \sin2\theta }{ 2 } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }\)
\(=\left( \frac { \pi }{ 2 } -\frac { \sin\left( 2\times \frac { \pi }{ 2 } \right) }{ 2 } \right) -\left( 0-\frac { \sin(2)(0) }{ 2 } \right) \)
\(=\frac { \pi }{ 2 } -\frac { \sin\pi }{ 2 } -0+0\)
[∵ sin 0 = 0 and sin \(\pi \) =0]
\(=\frac { \pi }{ 2 } -\frac { 0 }{ 2 } \)
\(=\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
16.
Given \(\begin{cases} cx, \\ 0, \end{cases}\begin{matrix} 0 < x < 1 \\ \text{otherwise} \end{matrix}\)
Also, Given \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx=2\)
\(\Rightarrow \int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ cx } dx=2\)
\(\Rightarrow c{ \left[ \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ 1 }=2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { c }{ 2 } \left[ { 1 }^{ 2 }-{ 0 }^{ 2 } \right] =2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { c }{ 2 } \left( 1-0 \right) =2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { c }{ 2 } =2\)
⇒ c = 2
17.
\(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx=\int _{ -1 }^{ 0 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx+\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx\)
\(=\int _{ -1 }^{ 0 }{ -x } dx+\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ x } dx\)
\(=\int _{ 0 }^{ -1 }{ x } dx+\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ x } dx\)
\(\left[ \because \int _{ a }^{ b }{ f\left( x \right) dx=-\int _{ b }^{ a }{ f\left( x \right) } dx } \right] \)
\(={ { \left[ \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \right] } }_{ 0 }^{ -1 }+{ \left[ \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ 1 }\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ { \left( -1 \right) }^{ 2 }-0 \right] +\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( { 1 }^{ 2 }-0 \right) \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (1)+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (1)\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } +\frac { 1 }{ 2 } =1\)
= 1
18.
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ 2 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx=\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx+\int _{ 1 }^{ 1 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx\)
\(=\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \left( 3-2x-{ x }^{ 2 } \right) } dx+\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \left( { x }^{ 2 }+2x-3 \right) } dx\)
\(=\left( 3-1-\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \right) -(0)+\left( \frac { 8 }{ 3 } +4-6 \right) -\left( \frac { 1 }{ 3 } +1-3 \right) \)
\(=-\frac { 1 }{ 3 } +\frac { 8 }{ 3 } -\frac { 1 }{ 3 } +2=\frac { -1+8-1 }{ 3 } +2\)
\(=\frac { 6 }{ 3 } +2\ =\ 2+2=4\)
19.
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ 4 }{ f\left( x \right) } =\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx+\int _{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ f\left( x \right) } dx\)
\(=\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \left( 4x+3 \right) } dx+\int _{ 2 }^{ 4 }{ \left( 3x+5 \right) } dx\)
\(={ \left( { 2x }^{ 2 }+3x \right) }_{ 1 }^{ 2 }+{ \left( \frac { { 3x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +5x \right) }_{ 2 }^{ 4 }\)
\(=\left[ 2\left( { 2 }^{ 2 } \right) +3(2) \right] -\left[ 2{ { \left( 1 \right) }^{ 2 }+3(1) } \right] +\left[ \frac { 3\left( { 4 }^{ 2 } \right) }{ 2 } +5(4) \right] -\left[ \frac { 3\left( { 2 }^{ 2 } \right) }{ 2 } +5(2) \right] \)
= (8+6) - (2-3) + (24+20) - (6+10)
= 14-5+44-16
= 58 - 21 = 37
20.
Let I = \(\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \frac { x-1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } } dx\)
\(=\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \left( \frac { x }{ { x }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) } dx\)
\(=\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ x } -{ x }^{ -2 } \right) } dx\)
\(={ \left( \log { x-\frac { { x }^{ -2+1 } }{ -2+1 } } \right) }_{ 1 }^{ 2 }\)
\(={ \left( \log { x-\frac { { x }^{ -1 } }{ -1 } } \right) }_{ 1 }^{ 2 }={ \left( \log { x-\frac { 1 }{ x } } \right) }_{ 1 }^{ 2 }\)
\(=\left( \log { 2+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right) -\left( \log { 1+\frac { 1 }{ 1 } } \right) \)
\(=\log { 2+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } -1\)
\(=\log { 2-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \)
\(=\frac { 2log2-1 }{ 2 } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( 2\log { 2-1 } \right) \)
21.
Let I = \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ \sqrt { 1+\cos\ x } dx } \)
We know that cos 2x = 2 cos2 x-1
⇒ 1+cos 2x = 2 cos2x
⇒ 1+cos 2x = 2 cos2 \(\frac { x }{ 2 } \)
∴ I = \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ \sqrt { 2{ \cos }^{ 2 }\frac { x }{ 2 } } } dx\)
\(=\sqrt { 2 } \int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ \cos } \frac { x }{ 2 } dx\)
\(=\sqrt { 2 } { { \left( \frac { \sin\frac { x }{ 2 } }{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right) }_{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } } }\)
\(=2\sqrt { 2 } \left( \sin\frac { \pi }{ 2(2) } -\sin \frac { 0 }{ 2 } \right) \)
\(=2\sqrt { 2 } \left( \sin\frac { \pi }{ 4 } -\sin0 \right) \)
\(=2\sqrt { 2 } \left[ \frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } -0 \right] \)
22.
Let t = x2 + 3x + 7
⇒ dt = (2x + 3)
When x = -1, t = (-1)2 +3(-1)+7 = 1-3 + 7= 5
When x = 1, t = 12 +3(1)+7 = 11
∴ I = \(\int _{ 5 }^{ 11 }{ \frac { dt }{ t } } ={ \left( \log { t } \right) }_{ 5 }^{ 11 }\)
\(=\log { 11 } -\log { 5 } \)
\(=\log { \left( \frac { 11 }{ 5 } \right) } \)
23.
Let I = \(\int _{ 1 }^{ e }{ \frac { dx }{ x{ \left( 1+\log { x } \right) }^{ 3 } } } \)
Let t = 1+log x
\(\Rightarrow dt=\frac { 1 }{ x } dx\)
When x = 1, t = 1 + log 1 = 1 + 0 = 1
When x = e, t =1 + log e = 1 + 1 = 2
\(\therefore I=\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \frac { dt }{ { t }^{ 3 } } } =\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ { t }^{ -3 } } dt\)
\(={ { \left[ \frac { { t }^{ -3+1 } }{ -3+1 } \right] }_{ 1 } }^{ 2 }\)
\(={ { \left[ \frac { { t }^{ -2 } }{ -2 } \right] }_{ 1 } }^{ 2 }={ { \left[ -\frac { 1 }{ { 2t }^{ 2 } } \right] }_{ 1 } }^{ 2 }\)
\(=-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \frac { 1 }{ { 2 }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { 1 }^{ 2 } } \right] \)
\(=-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 4 } -1 \right] =-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( \frac { -3 }{ 4 } \right) =\frac { 3 }{ 8 } \)
24.
Let I = \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ x } { e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } }dx\)
Put t = x2
⇒ dt = 2x dx
\(\Rightarrow \frac { dt }{ 2 } =x\ dx\)
When x = 0, t = 02 =0
When x = 1, t = 12 = 1
\(\therefore I=\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ { e }^{ t }\frac { dt }{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ { e }^{ t }dt } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { { \left[ { e }^{ t } \right] }_{ 0 } }^{ 1 }=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ { e }^{ t } } dt\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (e^1-1)\)
25.
Let I = \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 3 }{ \frac { { e }^{ x } }{ 1+{ e }^{ x } } } dx\)
put t = 1+ ex
⇒ dt = ex dx
When x = 0, t = 1+e0 = 1+1=2
When x = 3, t = 1+e3
\(\therefore I=\int _{ 2 }^{ 1+{ e }^{ 3 } }{ \frac { dt }{ t } } ={ { \left[ log\quad t \right] }_{ 2 } }^{ 1+{ e }^{ 3 } }\)
= log (1+e3) - log2
\(=\log { \left( \frac { 1+{ e }^{ 3 } }{ 2 } \right) } \)
26.
\(Let \ I=\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \frac { x \ dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+1 } } \)
\(put\ t={ { x }^{ 2 }+1 }\)
\(\Rightarrow dt=2x\ dx\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { dt }{ 2 } =x\ dx\)
\(\therefore I=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int _{ 2 }^{ 5 }{ \frac { dt }{ t } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { { \left[ \log { \left| t \right| } \right] }_{ 2 } }^{ 5 }\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \log { \left( \frac { 5 }{ 2 } \right) } \)
When \(x=1,t={ { 1 }^{ 2 } }+1=2\)
When \(x=2,t={ 2 }^{ 2 }+1=5\)
27.
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ 4 }{ f(x) } dx=\int _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ f(x) } dx+\int _{ 3 }^{ 4 }{ f(x) } dx\)
= \(\int _{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ (7x+3) } dx+\int _{ 3 }^{ 4 }{ 8x } dx\)
= \({ \left[ \frac { { 7x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +3x \right] }_{ 1 }^{ 3 }{ +\left[ \frac { { 8x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \right] }_{ 3 }^{ 4 }\)
= \(\frac { 63 }{ 2 } +9-\frac { 13 }{ 2 } +64-36\)
= 62
28.
Given that \(\int _{ a }^{ b }{ dx } =1\)
\({ \left[ x \right] }_{ a }^{ b }\) = 1
b − a = 1 … (1)
Now, \(\int _{ a }^{ b }{ xdx } =1\)
\({ \left[ \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ a } \right] }_{ a }^{ b }\) = 1
b2 − a2 = 2
(b + a)(b − a) = 2
b + a = 2 … (2) [∵ b -a =1]
(1) + (2) ⇒ 2b = 3
ஃ \(b=\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \)
Now, \(\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \) - a = 1 [∵ from (1)]
ஃ a = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
29.
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ x \sin x } dx=\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ udv } \)
\(={ \left( uv \right) }_{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }-\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ vdu } \)
\(={ \left[ -x \cos x \right] }_{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }+\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ \cos x } dx\)
\(=0+{ \left[ \sin x \right] }_{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }=1\)
| Take u = x Differentiate du = dx |
and dv = sin x dx |
30.
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ e }{ \log x } dx=\int _{ 1 }^{ e }{ udv } \)
= \({ \left[ uv \right] }_{ 1 }^{ e }-\int _{ 1 }^{ e }{ vdu } \)
= \({ \left[ x\log x \right] }_{ 1 }^{ e }-\int _{ 1 }^{ e }{ x\frac { 1 }{ x } } dx\)
= ( e log e −1 log 1) - \({ [x] }_{ 1 }^{ e }\)
= (e − 0) − (e −1)
= 1
| Take u = log x Differentiate \(du=\frac { 1 }{ x } dx\) |
dv = dx Integrate v = x |
31.
\(\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \frac { 1 }{ (x+1)(x+2) } } dx=\int _{ 1 }^{ 2 }{ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ x+1 } -\frac { 1 }{ x+2 } \right] } dx\)
= \({ \left[ \log\left| x+1 \right| -\log\left| x+2 \right| \right] }_{ 1 }^{ 2 }\)
= \(\log\frac { 3 }{ 4 } -\log\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \)
= \(\log\frac { 9 }{ 8 } \)
| By partial fractions, | |
| \(\frac { 1 }{ (x+1)(x+2) } \) = \(\frac { A }{ x+1 } +\frac { B }{ x+2 } \) ⇒\(\frac { 1 }{ (x+1)(x+2) } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ x+1 } +\frac { 1 }{ x+2 } \) |
32.
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { x }^{ 2 } } { e }^{ { -x }^{ 3 } }dx\) = \(\int _{ 0 }^{ \infty }{ { e }^{ -t } } \frac { dt }{ 3 } \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } { \left[ { -e }^{ -t } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ \infty }\)
= \(\frac { -1 }{ 3 } [0-1]\)
\(=\frac { -1 }{ 3 } \)
|
Take x3 = t |
||
| x | 0 | ∞ |
| t | 0 | ∞ |
33.
\(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ x\sqrt { x+1 } } dx=\int _{ 0 }^{ 2 }{ (t-1)\sqrt { t } dt } \)
\(=\int _{ 0 }^{ 2 }{ \left( { t }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } }-{ t }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right) } dt\)
\(={ \left[ \frac { { 2t }^{ \frac { 5 }{ 2 } } }{ 5 } -\frac { { 2t }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ 3 } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ 2 }\)
\(=\frac { 8\sqrt { 2 } }{ 5 } -\frac { 4\sqrt { 2 } }{ 3 } \)
\(=\frac { 4\sqrt { 2 } }{ 15 } \)
| Take t = x +1 dt = dx and |
||
| x | -1 | 1 |
| t | 0 | 2 |
34.
\(\int _{ a }^{ b }{ \frac { \sqrt { \log x } }{ x } dx } =\int _{ a }^{ b }{ (\log{ x) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } } \frac { dx }{ x } \) \(\left[ \because { \left[ f(x) \right] }^{ n }f'(x)dx=\frac { { [f(x)] }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \right] +c\)
= \({ \left[ 2\frac { { { (\log x) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } } }{ 3 } \right] }_{ a }^{ b }\)
= \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \left[ (\log{ b) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } }-({ \log a) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } \right] \)
35.
\(\int _{ -1 }^{ 1 }{ { ({ x }^{ 3 }+{ 3x }^{ 2 }) }^{ 3 } } \) (x2 + 2x)dx = \({ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 3 } \frac { ({ { x }^{ 3 }+{ 3x }^{ 2 }) }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \right] }_{ -1 }^{ 1 }\)
\(\left[ \because { \left[ f(x) \right] }^{ n }f'(x)dx=\frac { { [f(x)] }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \right] \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \)(64 - 4)
= 20
36.
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ [{ e }^{ a \log x }+{ e }^{ x \log a }] } dx=\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ ({ x }^{ a }+{ a }^{ x }) } dx\)
\(={ \left[ \frac { { x }^{ a+1 } }{ a+1 } +\frac { { a }^{ x } }{ \log a } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ 1 }\)
\(=\left( \frac { 1 }{ a+1 } +\frac { a }{ \log a } \right) -\left( 0+\frac { 1 }{ \log a } \right) \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ a+1 } +\frac { a }{ \log a } -\frac { 1 }{ \log a } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ a+1 } +\frac { (a-1) }{ \log a } \)
37.
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ { \cos }^{ 2 }xdx } =\int _{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }{ { \frac { 1 }{ 2 } [1+\cos 2x] }dx } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { \left[ x+\frac { \sin 2x }{ 2 } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } }\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \frac { \pi }{ 2 } +0 \right] =\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
| Change into simple integrands |
| cos2x = 2cos2 x −1 ஃ cos2 x = \(\frac{1}{2}\) [1 + cos2x] |
38.
\(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ ({ e }^{ x }-{ 4a }^{ x }+2+\sqrt [ 3 ]{ x } } )dx\)
= \({ \left[ { e }^{ x }-\frac { 4a }{ \log a } +2x+3\frac { { x }^{ \frac { 4 }{ 3 } } }{ 4 } -1 \right] }_{ 0 }^{ 1 }\)
= \(e-\frac { 4a }{ \log a } +2+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } -1+\frac { 4 }{ \log a } \)
= \(e+\frac { 4(1-a) }{ \log a } +\frac { 7 }{ 4 } \)
39.
Here, \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =\frac { 2x }{ { 5x }^{ 2 }+1 } \)
ஃ \(y=\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \frac { 2x }{ { 5x }^{ 2 }+1 } } dx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ \frac { 10x }{ { 5x }^{ 2 }+1 } } dx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 5 } { \left[ \log({ 5x }^{ 2 }+1) \right] }_{ 0 }^{ 1 }\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \)[log 6- log 1]
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \) log 6
40.
We have already learnt about the evaluation of the integral ഽ\(({ x }^{ 3 }+7{ x }^{ 2 }-5x)dx\) in the previous section.
ஃഽ\(({ x }^{ 3 }+7{ x }^{ 2 }-5x)dx=\frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } +\frac { 7{ x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } -\frac { { 5x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +c\)
Now, \(\int _{ 0 }^{ 1 }{ ({ x }^{ 3 }+7{ x }^{ 2 }-5x) } \)dx
= \({ \left[ \frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } +\frac { { 7x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } -\frac { 5{ x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \right] }_{ 0 }^{ 1 }\)
= \(\left[ \frac { 1 }{ 4 } +\frac { 7 }{ 3 } -\frac { 5 }{ 2 } \right] -\left[ \frac { 0 }{ 4 } +\frac { 0 }{ 3 } -\frac { 0 }{ 2 } \right] \)
= \(\left[ \frac { 1 }{ 4 } +\frac { 7 }{ 3 } -\frac { 5 }{ 2 } \right] =\frac { 1 }{ 12 } \)
41.
\(\int { \frac { dx }{ x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+1 } } } \)
Multiply and divide by the conjugate of the denominator we get,
\(\int { \frac { 1 }{ x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } } \times \frac { x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } }{ x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { \left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-\left( { x }^{ 2 }-1 \right) } } \)
\(\left[ \because \left( a+b \right) (a-b)={ a }^{ 2 }-{ b }^{ 2 } \right] \)
\(=\int { \frac { \left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-{ x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \)
\(\int { \left( x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right) } dx\)
\(=\int { x\quad dx } -\int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } dx } \)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } -\left[ \frac { x }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \log { \left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }- } \right| } +c \right] \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } dx=\frac { x }{ 2 } } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } -\frac { { a }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log { \left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } \right| +c } \right] \)
= \(\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } -\frac { x }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } +\frac { 1 }{ 2 } log\left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right| +c\)
42.
\(\int { \sqrt { { 2x }^{ 2 }+4x+1 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \sqrt { 2\left( { x }^{ 2 }+2x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) } dx } \)
\(=\sqrt { 2 } \int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+2x+1-1+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } } dx\)
\({ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (2) \right] }^{ 2 }={ 1 }^{ 2 }=1\)
Adding and subtracting 1
\(=\sqrt { 2 } \int { \sqrt { { \left( x+1 \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } dx } \)
\(=\sqrt { 2 } \int { \sqrt { { \left( x+1 \right) }^{ 2 }-{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \right) }^{ 2 } } } dx\)
\(\left[ \because \int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } dx=\frac { x }{ 2 } } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } -\frac { { a }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log { \left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } \right| +c } \right] \)
\(=\sqrt { 2 } \left[ \frac { x+1 }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+2x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ 2(2) } \log { \left| \left( x+1 \right) +\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+2x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right| } \right] +c\)
\(=\frac { x+1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \frac { \sqrt { { 2x }^{ 2 }+4x+1 } }{ \sqrt { 2 } } -\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ 4 } \log { \left| \sqrt { 2 } (x+1)+\sqrt { { 2x }^{ 2 }+4x+1 } \right| } +c\)
\(=\frac { x+1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \sqrt { { 2x }^{ 2 }+4x+1 } -\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ 4 } \log { \left| \sqrt { 2 } (x+1)+\sqrt { { 2x }^{ 2 }+4x+1 } \right| } +c\)
43.
\(\int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+x+1 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+x+\frac { 1 }{ 4 } -\frac { 1 }{ 4 } +1 } } dx\)
Adding and subtracting
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { \left[ \text{co-effective of x} \right] }^{ 2 }\)
\(={ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (-1) \right] }^{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \)
\(=\int { \sqrt { { \left( x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } } } dx\)
\(\int { \sqrt { { \left( x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }+{ \left( \frac { \sqrt { 3 } }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } } dx\)
\(\left[ \because \int { \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } dx=\frac { x }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } } +\frac { { a }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log { \left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } \right| +c } \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+x+1 } +\frac { 3 }{ 4(2) } \log { \left| \left( x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) +\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+x+1 } \right| } +c\)
\(=\frac { x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+x+1 } +\frac { 3 }{ 8 } \log { \left| \left( x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) +\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+x+1 } \right| } +c\)
44.
\(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 3 }dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 8 }-1 } } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { { x }^{ 3 }dx }{ \sqrt { { \left( { x }^{ 4 } \right) }^{ 2 }-1 } } } \)
\(Put\quad { x }^{ 4 }=t\Rightarrow { 4x }^{ 3 }dx=dt\Rightarrow { x }^{ 3 }dx=\frac { dt }{ 4 } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \int { \frac { dt }{ \sqrt { { t }^{ 2 } } -1 } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \int { \frac { dt }{ \sqrt { { t }^{ 2 }-{ 1 }^{ 2 } } } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \log { \left| t+\sqrt { { t }^{ 2 }-1 } \right| } +c\)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } } =\log { \left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } \right| +c } } \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \log { \left| { x }^{ 4 }+\sqrt { { x }^{ 8 }-1 } \right| } +c\)
45.
\(\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-3x+2 } } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-3x+\frac { 9 }{ 4 } -\frac { 9 }{ 4 } } +2 } } \)
\({ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (3) \right] }^{ 2 }=\frac { 9 }{ 4 } \)
Adding and subtracting \(\frac { 9 }{ 4 } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ 4 } } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } } } =\log { \left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } \right| } +c \right] \)
\(=\log { \left| \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) +\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-3x+2 } \right| } +c\)
46.
\(\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+6x+13 } } } \)
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { \left[\text{ co-effective of x }\right] }^{ 2 }\)
\(={ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (6) \right] }^{ 2 }={ 3 }^{ 2 }=9\)
Adding and subtracting 9
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+6x+9-9+13 } } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { \left( x+3 \right) }^{ 2 }+4 } } } =\int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { \left( x+3 \right) }^{ 2 }+{ { 2 }^{ 2 } } } } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } } =\log { \left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+{ a }^{ 2 } } \right| } +c } \right] \)
\(=\log { \left| x+3+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+6x+13 } \right| } +c\)
47.
\(Let\ I=\int { \frac { { e }^{ x }dx }{ { e }^{ 2x }-9 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { { e }^{ x }dx }{ { \left( { e }^{ x } \right) }^{ 2 }-9 } } \)
\(Put\ { e }^{ x }=t\Rightarrow { e }^{ x }dx=dt\)
\(\therefore I=\int { \frac { dt }{ { t }^{ 2 }-9 } } =\int { \frac { dt }{ { t }^{ 2 }-{ 3 }^{ 2 } } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2\times 3 } \log { \left| \frac { t-3 }{ t+3 } \right| } +c\)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2a } \log { \left| \frac { x-a }{ x+a } \right| } +c \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \log { \left| \frac { { e }^{ x }-3 }{ { e }^{ x }+3 } \right| } +c\)
48.
\(\int { \frac { dx }{ { 2x }^{ 2 }+6x-8 } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+3x-4 } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+3x+\frac { 9 }{ 4 } -\frac { 9 }{ 4 } -4 } } \)
\({ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (3) \right] }^{ 2 }=\frac { 9 }{ 4 } \)
Adding and subtracting \(\frac { 9 }{ 4 } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( x+\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 25 }{ 4 } } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( x+\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-{ \left( \frac { 5 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2a } } \log { \left| \frac { x-a }{ x+a } \right| +c } \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 10 } \log { \left| \frac { x-1 }{ x+4 } \right| } +c\)
49.
\(\int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+3x+2 } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+3x+\frac { 9 }{ 4 } -\frac { 9 }{ 4 } +2 } } \)
\({ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (3) \right] }^{ 2 }=\frac { 9 }{ 4 } \)
Adding and subtracting \(\frac { 9 }{ 4 } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( x+\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( x+\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2\times \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \log { \left| \frac { x+\frac { 3 }{ 2 } -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }{ x+\frac { 3 }{ 2 } +\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right| } +c\)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2a } \log { \left| \frac { x-a }{ x+a } \right| +c } } \right] \)
\(=\log { \left| \frac { x+1 }{ x+2 } \right| } +c\)
50.
\(\int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-x-2 } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-x+\frac { 1 }{ 4 } -\frac { 1 }{ 4 } -2 } } \)
Adding and subtracting
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { \left[\text{ co-effective of x }\right] }^{ 2 }\)
\(={ \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } (-1) \right] }^{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( { x }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 9 }{ 4 } } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-{ \left( \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2a } \log { \left| \frac { x-a }{ x+a } \right| } +c } \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2\left( \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) } \log { \left| \frac { x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } -\frac { 3 }{ 2 } }{ x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } +\frac { 3 }{ 2 } } \right| } +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \log { \left| \frac { x-2 }{ x+1 } \right| } +c\)
51.
\(Let\quad I=\int { \frac { dx }{ 9-8x-{ x }^{ 2 } } } \)
\(=-\int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+8x-9 } } \)
\(=-\int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }+8x+16-16-9 } } \)
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { \left[\text{ co-effective of x }\right] }^{ 2 }\)
\(\Rightarrow { \left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left( 8 \right) \right] }^{ 2 }={ 4 }^{ 2 }\)
= 16 Adding and subtracting 16
\(=-\int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( x+4 \right) }^{ 2 }-25 } } \)
\(=-\int { \frac { dx }{ { \left( x+4 \right) }^{ 2 }-{ 5 }^{ 2 } } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { dx }{ { 5 }^{ 2 }-{ \left( x+4 \right) }^{ 2 } } } \)
\(\left[ \because \int { \frac { dx }{ { x }^{ 2 }-{ a }^{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2a } \log { \left| \frac { x-a }{ x+a } \right| } } +c \right] \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2(5) } \log { \left| \frac { 5+x+4 }{ 5-x-4 } \right| } +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 10 } \log { \left| \frac { 9+x }{ 1-x } \right| } +c\)
52.
ഽ\(\frac { 1 }{ x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \) dx
=ഽ\(\left[ x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right] dx\)
= ഽxdx + ഽ\(\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \)dx
= \(\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +\frac { x }{ 2 } \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \log\left| x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \right| +c\)
| By rationalisation, |
| \(\frac { 1 }{ x\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } =\frac { 1 }{ x-\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \times \frac { x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } }{ x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } } \) = \(x+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-1 } \) |
53.
ഽ\(\sqrt { x^{ 2 }-4x+3 } \) dx
= ഽ\(\sqrt { { (x-2) }^{ 2 }-{ 1 }^{ 2 } } \) dx
= \(\frac { (x-2) }{ 2 } \sqrt { { (x-2) }^{ 2 }-{ 1 }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \log\left| (x-2)\sqrt { { (x-2) }^{ 2 }-{ 1 }^{ 2 } } \right| \) + c
= \(\frac { (x-2) }{ 2 } \sqrt { x^{ 2 }-4x+3 } -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \log\left|(x-2)+ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-4x+3 } \right| +c\)
| By completing the squares |
| x2 - 4x +3 = (x -2)2 - 4 + 3 = (x - 2)2 - 12 ஃ\(\sqrt { x^{ 2 }-4x+3 } =\sqrt { { (x-2) }^{ 2 }-{ 1 }^{ 2 } } \) |
54.
ഽ\(\frac { { x }^{ 3 }dx }{ \sqrt { x^{ 8 }+1 } } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \)ഽ\(\frac { { 4x }^{ 3 } }{ \sqrt { { \left( { x }^{ 4 } \right) }^{ 2 }+{ 1 }^{ 2 } } } \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \log\left| { x }^{ 4 }+\sqrt { { \left( { x }^{ 4 } \right) }^{ 2 }+{ 1 }^{ 2 } } \right| +c\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \log\left| { x }^{ 4 }+\sqrt { { x }^{ 8 }+1 } \right| +c\)
55.
ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+4x+8 } } \) = ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { \left( x+2 \right) }^{ 2 }+{ 2 }^{ 2 } } } \)
= \(\log\left| (x+2)+\sqrt { { \left( x+2 \right) }^{ 2 }+{ 2 }^{ 2 } } \right| +c\)
= \(\log\left| (x+2)+\sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }+4x+8 } \right| +c\)
| By completing the squares |
| \({ x }^{ 2 }+4x+8={ \left( x+2 \right) }^{ 2 }-4+8\) \(={ \left( x+2 \right) }^{ 2 }+{ 2 }^{ 2 }\) |
56.
ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-3x+2 } } \)=ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ \sqrt { { \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }{ -\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } } \)
= \(\log\left| \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) +\sqrt { { \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }{ -\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } \right| +c\)
= \(\log\left| \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) \sqrt { { x }^{ 2 }-3x+2 } \right| +c\)
| By completing the squares |
| \({ x }^{ 2 }-3x+2={ \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 9 }{ 4 } +2\) \(={ \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }{ -\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }\) |
57.
ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ x^{ 2 }-3x+2 } \) = ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ { \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }{ -\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) } \log\left| \frac { \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }{ \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) +\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right| +c\)
= \(\log\left| \frac { 2x-4 }{ 2x-2 } \right| +c\)
= \(\log\left| \frac { x-2 }{ x-1 } \right| +c\)
| By completing the squares |
| \(x^{ 2 }-3x+2={ \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }{ -\left( \frac { 9 }{ 4 } \right) }+2\) \(={ \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \) \(={ \left( x-\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }{ -\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }\) |
58.
ഽ\(\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ { x }^{ 2 }-25 } \)dx = ഽ\(\frac { { (x }^{ 2 }-25)+25 }{ { x }^{ 2 }-25 } dx\)
= ഽ\(\left\{ 1+\frac { 25 }{ { x }^{ 2 }-25 } \right\} \)dx
= ഽdx + 25 ഽ\(\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ { x }^{ 2 }-25 } \)
= x + 25 \(\left[ \frac { 1 }{ 2(5) } \log\left| \frac { x-5 }{ x+5 } \right| \right] +c\)
= x + \(\frac { 5 }{ 2 } \log\left| \frac { x-5 }{ x+5 } \right| +c\)
59.
ഽ \(\frac { dx }{ 2+x-{ x }^{ 2 } } \) = ഽ\(\frac { dx }{ { \left( \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-{ \left( x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 } } \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2\left( \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) } \log\left| \frac { \frac { 3 }{ 2 } +\left( x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } -\left( x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) } \right| +c\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \log\left| \frac { 2+2x }{ 4-2x } \right| +c\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \log\left| \frac { 1+x }{ 2-x } \right| +c\)
| By completing the squares |
| 2 + x -x2 = 2 [x2 - x] = 2 - \(\left[ { \left( x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \right] \) = \(\left[ { \left( x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \right] \) |
60.
\(Let\ I=\int { { e }^{ 3x }\left[ \frac { 3x-1 }{ { 9x }^{ 2 } } \right] } dx\)
\(=\int { { e }^{ 3x }\left( \frac { 3x }{ { 9x }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { 9x }^{ 2 } } \right) } dx\)
\(=\int { { e }^{ 3x }\left[ \frac { 3 }{ 9x } -\frac { 1 }{ { 9x }^{ 2 } } \right] } dx\)
\(Letf\left( x \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 9x }\) and a = 3
\(\Rightarrow f\left( x \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 9x } .{ x }^{ -1 }\)
\(f^{ ' }\left( x \right) =\frac { 1 }{ 9 } .(-1){ x }^{ -1-1 }\)
\(\Rightarrow f^{ ' }\left( x \right) =\frac { -1 }{ 9 } { x }^{ -2 }=\frac { -1 }{ { 9x }^{ 2 } } \)
\(\therefore I=\int { { e }^{ 3x }\left( 3.f\left( x \right) +f^{ ' }\left( x \right) \right) } dx\)
\(={ e }^{ 3x }f\left( x \right) +c\)
\(\left[ \because \int { { e }^{ ax }\left[ af\left( x \right) +f^{ ' }\left( x \right) \right] } dx={ e }^{ ax }f\left( x \right) +c \right] \)
\(={ e }^{ 3x }\frac { 1 }{ 9x } +c=\frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 9x } +c\)
61.
\(Let\ I=\int { { e }^{ x }\left[ \frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 2 }{ { x }^{ 3 } } \right] } dx\)
\(Letf\left( x \right) =\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } ={ x }^{ -2 }\)
\(\Rightarrow f'(x)={ -2x }^{ -2-1 }\)
\(={ -2x }^{ -3 }=\frac { -2 }{ { x }^{ 3 } } \)
\(\Rightarrow f'(x)=\frac { -2 }{ { x }^{ 3 } } \)
\(\therefore I=\int { { e }^{ x } } \left[ f\left( x \right) +f^{ ' }\left( x \right) \right] dx\)
\(={ e }^{ x }(x)+c\)
\(={ e }^{ x }\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } +c\)
\(=\frac { { e }^{ x } }{ { x }^{ 2 } } +c\)
62.
\(Let\ I=\int { \frac { { x }^{ e-1 }+{ e }^{ x-1 } }{ { x }^{ e }+{ e }^{ x } } } dx\)
\(put\ t={ x }^{ e }+{ e }^{ x }\)
\(\Rightarrow dt=\left( e{ x }^{ e-1 }+{ e }^{ x } \right) dx\)
\(dt=e\left( { x }^{ e-1 }+{ e }^{ x-1 } \right) dx\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { dt }{ e } =\left( { x }^{ e-1 }+{ e }^{ x-1 } \right) dx\)
\(\therefore I=\int { \frac { dt }{ e(t) } } =\frac { 1 }{ e } \int { \frac { dt }{ t } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ e } \log { \left| t \right| } +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ e } \log { \left| { x }^{ e }+{ e }^{ x } \right| } +c\quad \left[ \because t={ x }^{ e }+{ e }^{ x } \right] \)
63.
\(Let\ I=\int { \frac { { \left( \log\ x \right) }^{ 3 } }{ x } } dx\)
put t = log x
\(\Rightarrow dt=\frac { 1 }{ x } dx\)
\(\therefore I=\int { { t }^{ 3 } } dt\)
\(=\frac { { t }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } +c\)
\(=\frac { { \left( \log x \right) }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } +c \quad \left[ \because t=\log x \right] \)
64.
\(Let\ I=\int { \frac { { e }^{ 3 \log x } }{ { x }^{ 4 }+1 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { { e }^{ { { log }^{ 3 } } } }{ { x }^{ 4 }+1 } } dx\)
\(\left[ \because m \log n=\log{ n }^{ m } \right] \)
\(=\int { \frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ { x }^{ 4 }+1 } } dx\)
\(\left[ \because { e }^{ \log x }=x \right] \)
\(put\ t\ = { x }^{ 4 }+1\)
\(\Rightarrow dt={ 4x }^{ 3 }dt\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { dt }{ 4 } ={ x }^{ 3 }dx\)
\(\therefore I=\int { \frac { \frac { dt }{ 4 } }{ t } } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \int { \frac { dt }{ t } } =\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \log { \left| t \right| } +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \log { \left| { x }^{ 4 }+1 \right| } +c\quad \left[ \because t={ x }^{ 4 }+1 \right] \)
65.
ഽe2x\(\left[ \frac { 2x-1 }{ { 4x }^{ 2 } } \right] \)dx
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \)ഽe2x\(\left[ 2\left( \frac { 1 }{ x } \right) +\frac { -1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right] \)dx
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \)ഽeax[a f(x) + f'(x)] dx
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \) [eax f(x)] + c
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4x } \) e2x x c
| Here,\(\frac { 2x-1 }{ { 4x }^{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2x } +\frac { -1 }{ { 4x }^{ 2 } } \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \left[ 2\left( \frac { 1 }{ x } \right) +\frac { -1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right] \) |
Take a = 2 f(x) = \(\frac { 1 }{ x } \) ஃ f'(x) = -\(\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \) |
66.
\(\int { { e }^{ x }\left( { x }^{ 2 }+2x \right) dx } =\int { { e }^{ x }\left[ f(x)+f'(x) \right] } dx\)
= ex f(x) + c
= ex x2 + c
[Take f(x) = x2
\(\therefore\) f'(x) = 2x]
67.
\(\int { { x }^{ 3 }{ e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } }dx } =\int { { x }^{ 3 }{ e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } } } (xdx)\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { { ze }^{ z }dz } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ { e }^{ z }\left( z-1 \right) \right] +c\) [By applying Integration by parts]
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ { e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } }\left( { x }^{ 2 }-1 \right) \right] +c\)
[Take z = x2
\(\therefore\) dz = 2x dx
\(\Rightarrow \frac { dz }{ 2 } =\) xdx]
68.
\(\int { \frac { dx }{ x\left( { x }^{ 3 }+1 \right) } } =\int { \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ { x }^{ 3 }\left( x^{ 3 }+1 \right) } dx } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \int { \frac { dz }{ z\left( z+1 \right) } dz } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \int { \left[ \frac { 1 }{ z } -\frac { 1 }{ z+1 } \right] dz } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \left[ \log\left| z \right| -\log\left| z+1 \right| \right] +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \log\left| \frac { z }{ z+1 } \right| +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \log\left| \frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ { x }^{ 3 }+1 } \right| +c\)
| Take z = x3 \(\therefore\) dz = 3x2 dx \(\Rightarrow \frac { dz }{ 3 } ={ x }^{ 2 }dx\) |
By partial fractions, \(\frac { 1 }{ z\left( z+1 \right) } =\frac { A }{ z } +\frac { B }{ z+1 } \) \(\Rightarrow \frac { 1 }{ z\left( z+1 \right) } =\frac { 1 }{ z } +\frac { 1 }{ z+1 } \) |
69.
\(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ { \left( { x }^{ 2 }+1 \right) }^{ 3 } } dx } =\int { \frac { { { x }^{ 2 } } }{ ({ x }^{ 2 }+1{ ) }^{ 3 } } } xdx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \frac { z-1 }{ { z }^{ 3 } } } dz\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \left[ \frac { 1 }{ { z }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { z }^{ 3 } } \right] dz } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ -\frac { 1 }{ z } +\frac { 1 }{ { 2z }^{ 2 } } \right] +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4{ \left( { x }^{ 2 }+1 \right) }^{ 2 } } -\frac { 1 }{ { 2\left( x^{ 2 }+1 \right) } } +c\)
[ Take z = x2 + 1
\(\therefore \) x2 = z −1 and dz = 2x dx
\(\Rightarrow \frac { dz }{ 2 } =xdx\)
70.
Let I = ∫x5 \({ { e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } } }\)dx
= ∫x4. x \({ { e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } } }\)dx
= ∫ (x2)2 x \({ { e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } } }\)dx
put t = x2
⇒ dt = 2x dx
\(\Rightarrow \frac { dt }{ 2 } =x\ dx\)
substituting there values in I we get,
\(I=\int { { t }^{ 2 }{ e }^{ t } } \frac { dt }{ 2 } \)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { { t }^{ 2 }{ e }^{ t } } dt\)
Using Bernoulli's theorem
∫ udv = uv − u'v1 + u''v2 − u'''v3 + ...
\(\therefore I=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { { t }^{ 2 }{ e }^{ t } } dt\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ { t }^{ 2 }{ e }^{ t }-{ 2te }^{ t }+2{ e }^{ t } \right] +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { e }^{ t }\left[ { t }^{ 2 }-2t+2 \right] +c\)
\(I=\frac { { e }^{ { x }^{ 2 } } }{ 2 } \left( { x }^{ 4 }-{ 2x }^{ 2 }+2 \right) +c\quad \left[ \because t={ x }^{ 3 } \right] \)
Let u = t2; dv = e4
| Successive derivatives | Repeated Integrals |
| u = t2 | dv = et |
| u' = 2t | v = et |
| u''=2 | v1 = et |
| v2 = e |
71.
Let I = ∫ xn log x dx
Let u = log x; dv = xn dx
\(du=\frac { 1 }{ x } dx;v=\frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \)
Using integration by parts we get,
∫ udv = uv - ∫ vdu
⇒ ∫ xn log x dx
\(=\frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \log\ x-\int { \frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \log\ x-\frac { 1 }{ n+1 } \int { { x }^{ n+1-1 }dx } \)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \log\ x-\frac { 1 }{ n+1 } \int { { x }^{ n } } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \log\ x-\frac { 1 }{ n+1 } \frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } +c\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } \left( \log\ x-\frac { 1 }{ n+1 } \right) +c\)
72.
Let I = ∫ x logx dx
Let u = log x; dv = x dx
\(du=\frac { 1 }{ x } dx;v=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \)
Using integration by parts,
∫ udv = uv - ∫ vdu
\(\Rightarrow \int { x\ \log\ x\ dx=\log x\left( \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \right) } -\int { \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } } \frac { 1 }{ x } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log x\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { x } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +c\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \log x-\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 4 } +c\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \left( \log\ x-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) +c\)
73.
Let I = ∫ logx dx
Let u = logx; dv = dx
\(du=\frac { 1 }{ x } dx;v=x\)
Using integration by parts,
∫ udv = uv - ∫vdu
\(\int { \log\ x\ dx=x\ \log\ x-\int { x\frac { 1 }{ x } } } dx\)
= x log x - ∫ dx
= x log x - x+c
= x(log x - 1)+c
74.
\(Let\ I=\int { { x }^{ 3 }{ e }^{ 3x } } dx\)
\(Let\ u={ x }^{ 3 };dv= { e }^{ 3x }dx\)
Using Bernoulli's formula
= uv − u'v1 + u''v2 − u'''v3 + ...
\(\therefore \int { { x }^{ 3 }{ e }^{ 3x }dx } \)
\(={ x }^{ 3 }\frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 3 } -{ 3x }^{ 2 }\left( \frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 9 } \right) +6x\left( \frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 27 } \right) -6\left( \frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 81 } \right) +c\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 3 }{ e }^{ 3x } }{ 3 } -\frac { { x }^{ 2 }{ e }^{ 3x } }{ 3 } +\frac { { 2xe }^{ 3x } }{ 9 } -\frac { { 2e }^{ 3x } }{ 27 } +c\)
\(={ e }^{ 3x }\left[ \frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } -\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 3 } +\frac { 2x }{ 9 } -\frac { 2 }{ 27 } \right] +c\)
| Successive derivatives | Repeated Integrals |
| u = x3 | dv = e3xdx |
| u' = 3x3 | \(v=\frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 3 } \) |
| u'' = 6x | \({ v }_{ 1 }=\frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 9 } \) |
| u''' = 6 | \({ v }_{ 2 }=\frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 27 } \) |
| \({ v }_{ 3 }=\frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 81 } \) |
75.
\(\int { x{ e }^{ -x }dx } \)
\(\text{Let u=x and dv=}{ e }^{ -x }dx\)
\(du=1dx,\ v=\frac { { e }^{ -x } }{ -1 } ={ -e }^{ -x }\)
Using integration by parts,
\(\int { udv=uv-\int { vdu } } \)
\(\int { { xe }^{ -x } } dx=x\left( { -e }^{ -x } \right) -\int { \left( { -e }^{ -x } \right) } dx\)
\(=-x{ e }^{ -x }+\int { { e }^{ -x } } dx\)
\(={ -xe }^{ -x }+\frac { { e }^{ -x } }{ -1 } +c\)
\(={ -xe }^{ -x }-{ e }^{ -x }+c\)
\({ -e }^{ -x }(x+1)+c\)
76.
\(\int { \left( { x }^{ 2 }-2x+5 \right) } { e }^{ -x }dx =\int { udv } \)
= uv − u'v1 + u''v2 − u'''v3 + ...
= (x2 − 2x + 5)(−e−x )− (2x − 2)e−x + 2(−e−x )+ c
= e−x (−x2 −5)+ c
| Successive derivatives | Repeated integrals |
|
Take u = x2 − 2x + 5 |
and dv = e−xdx v = − e−x v1 = e-x v2 = e-x |
77.
\(\int { } \)x3 logx dx = \(\int { udv } \)
\(=uv−\int { vdu } \)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \log x-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \int { { x }^{ 3 } } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \log x-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \left( \frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \right) +c\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \left[ \log x-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \right] +c\)
| Take u = log x Differentiate du = \(\frac { 1 }{ x } \)dx |
and dv = x3dx Integrate \(v=\frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 4 } \) |
78.
\(\int { } \)x3exdx = \(\int { } \)udv
= uv − u'v1 + u''v2 − u'''v3 + ...
= x3ex −3x2 ex + 6xex −6ex + c
= ex (x3 −3x2 +6x −6)+ c
| Successive derivatives | Repeated integrals |
| Take u = x3 u' = 3x2 u'' = 6x u''' = 6 |
and dv = exdx v = ex v1 = ex v2 = ex v3 = ex |
79.
\(\int { { xe }^{ x }dx } =\int { udv } \)
= uv − \(\int { } \)vdu
= xex − \(\int { } \)exdx
= xex − ex + c
= ex (x −1)+ c
| Take u = x Differentiate du = dx |
and dv = exdx Integrate v = ex |
80.
\(\int { \frac { 1 }{ { \sin }^{ 2 }x{ \cos }^{ 2 }x } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { \left( { \sin }^{ 2 }x+{ \cos }^{ 2 }x \right) }{ { \sin }^{ 2 }x\ { \cos }^{ 2 }x } } dx\) [∵1 = sin2x + cos2x]
\(=\int { \frac { 1 }{ { \cos }^{ 2 }x } } dx+\int { \frac { dx }{ { \sin }^{ 2 }x } } \)
= ∫sec2x dx + ∫cosec2x dx
= tan x − cot x + c
81.
\(\int { \frac { cos\quad 2x+2{ sin }^{ 2 }x }{ { cos }^{ 2 }x } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { { \cos }^{ 2 }x-{ \sin }^{ 2 }x+2{ \sin }^{ 2 }x }{ { \cos }^{ 2 }x } } dx\quad \left[ \because \cos 2x={ \cos }^{ 2 }x-{ \sin }^{ 2 }x \right] \)
\(=\int { \frac { { \cos }^{ 2 }x+{ \sin }^{ 2 }x }{ { \cos }^{ 2 }x } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { 1 }{ { \cos }^{ 2 }x } } dx\ \left[ \because 1={ \sin }^{ 2 }x+{ \cos }^{ 2 }x \right] \)
= ∫sec2x dx
= tan x − cot x + c
82.
∫ sin3x dx
We know that sin 3x = 3sin x - 4 sin3x
⇒ 4 sin3x = 3sinx - sin 3x
⇒ sin3x = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \left( 3\sin x-\sin3x \right) \)
sin3x = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \left( 3 \sin x-\not 3\sin 3x \right) \)dx
\(=\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \int { \sin x\ dx-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } } \int { \sin 3x dx } \)
\(=\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \left( -\cos x \right) -\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \left( -\frac { \cos 3x }{ 3 } \right) +c \quad\left[ \because \int { \sin ax \ dx=\frac { -1 }{ a } \cos ax+c } \right] \)
\(=-\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \cos x+\left( \frac { \cos 3x }{ 12 } \right) +c\)
83.
\(\int { \cos^{ 3 }xdx } =\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \int { \cos 3xdx+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } } \int { \cos x dx } \)
\(=\frac { \sin 3x }{ 12 } +\frac { 3 \sin\ x }{ 4 } +c\)
[Change into simple integrands
cos3x = 4cos3 x − 3cos x
\({ \cos }^{ 3 }x=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } [\cos 3x+3 \cos x]\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \cos 3x+\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \cos x\)
84.
Given f'(x) = ex
⇒ ∫ f'(x) dx = ∫ ex dx [Taking integration both sides]
⇒ f(x) = ex+ c ....... (1)
Also, f(0) = 2
⇒ 2 = e0 + c
⇒ 2 = 1+ c
⇒ 2 - 1 = c
⇒ c = 1
Substituting c = 1 in (1) we get,
f(x) = ex+1
85.
Let I \(=\int { \frac { 1 }{ x{ \left( \log x \right) }^{ 2 } } } dx\)
put log x = t on differentiating we get,
\(\frac { 1 }{ x } dx=dt\)
\(\therefore I=\int { \frac { 1 }{ { t }^{ 2 } } } dt\) [∵ t = log x]
\(I=\int { { t }^{ -2 } } dt\)
\(=\frac { { t }^{ -2+1 } }{ -2+1 } +c\)
\(=\frac { { t }^{ -1 } }{ -1 } +c\Rightarrow \frac { -1 }{ t } +c\)
\(=\frac { -1 }{ \log { \left| x \right| } } +c\) [∵ t = log |x|]
86.
Let I = \(\int { \left( 1-\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) } .{ e }^{ \left( x+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) }dx\)
\(put\quad x+\frac { 1 }{ x } =t\)
\(\text{on differentiating we get,} \left( 1-\frac { 1 }{ { x }^{ 2 } } \right) dx=dt\)
\(\therefore \ I=\int { { e }^{ t } } dt={ e }^{ t }+c\)
\(={ e }^{ x+\frac { 1 }{ x } }+c \quad \left[ \because t=x+\frac { 1 }{ x } \right] \)
87.
\(\int { \frac { { e }^{ 3x }+{ e }^{ 5x } }{ { e }^{ x }+{ e }^{ -x } } } dx\)
\(=\int { \left( \frac { { e }^{ 3x }+{ e }^{ 5x } }{ { e }^{ x }+\frac { 1 }{ { e }^{ x } } } \right) } dx\quad =\quad \int { \frac { { e }^{ 3x }+{ e }^{ 5x } }{ \frac { { e }^{ 2x }+1 }{ { e }^{ x } } } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { { e }^{ x }\left( { e }^{ 3x }+{ e }^{ 5x } \right) }{ { e }^{ 2x }+1 } } dx\)
\(=\int { { e }^{ 4x } } dx=\frac { { e }^{ 4x } }{ 4 } +c\)
88.
\(\int { \frac { { e }^{ 3x }-{ e }^{ -3x } }{ { e }^{ x } } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ { e }^{ x } } } dx-\int { \frac { { e }^{ -3x } }{ { e }^{ x } } } \)
\(=\int { { e }^{ 3x-x } } dx-\int { { e }^{ -3x-x } } dx\quad \left[ \because \frac { { a }^{ m } }{ { a }^{ m } } ={ a }^{ m-n } \right] \)
\(=\int { { e }^{ 2x } } dx-\int { { e }^{ -4x } } dx\)
\(=\frac { { e }^{ 2x } }{ 2 } -\frac { { e }^{ -4x } }{ -4 } +c\)
\(=\frac { { e }^{ 2x } }{ 2 } +\frac { { e }^{ -4x } }{ -4 } +c\)
89.
\(\int { { \left( { e }^{ x }+1 \right) }^{ 2 } } { e }^{ x }dx\)
\(=\int { \left[ { \left( { e }^{ x } \right) }^{ 2 }+2\left( { e }^{ x } \right) \left( 1 \right) +{ 1 }^{ 2 } \right] } { e }^{ x }dx\quad \left[ \because { \left( a+b \right) }^{ 2 }={ a }^{ 2 }+2ab+{ b }^{ 2 } \right] \)
\(=\int { \left( { e }^{ 2x }+{ 2e }^{ x }+1 \right) } { e }^{ x }dx\)
\(=\int { \left( { e }^{ 3x }+{ 2e }^{ 2x }+{ e }^{ x } \right) } dx\ \ \left[ { a }^{ m }.{ a }^{ n }={ a }^{ m+n } \right] \)
\(=\frac { { e }^{ 3x } }{ 3 } +{ e }^{ 2x }+{ e }^{ x }+c\)
90.
\(\int { \frac { { a }^{ x }-{ e }^{ x\quad log\quad b } }{ { e }^{ x\quad log\quad a }{ b }^{ x } } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { { a }^{ x }-{ e }^{ log{ b }^{ x } } }{ { e }^{ log{ a }^{ x } }{ b }^{ x } } } dx\quad \left[ \because \ m\ log\ n= log{ n }^{ m } \right] \)
\(=\int { \frac { { a }^{ x }-{ b }^{ x } }{ { a }^{ x }.{ b }^{ x } } } dx\ \left[ \because { e }^{ logx }=x \right] \)
\(=\int { \frac { { a }^{ x } }{ { a }^{ x }{ b }^{ x } } } dx-\int { \frac { { d }^{ x } }{ { a }^{ x }{ b }^{ x } } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { 1 }{ { b }^{ x } } } dx-\int { \frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ x } } } dx\)
\(=\int { { b }^{ -x } } dx-\int { { a }^{ -x } } dx\ \ \left[ \because \int { { a }^{ -x }dx=\frac { { a }^{ -x } }{ -log\ a } +c } \right] \)
\(=\frac { { b }^{ -x } }{ -log\quad b } -\frac { { a }^{ -x } }{ -log\quad a } +c\)
\(=-\frac { { b }^{ -x } }{ log\quad b } +\frac { { a }^{ -x } }{ log\quad a } +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ { b }^{ x }log\quad b } +\frac { 1 }{ log\quad a.{ a }^{ x } } +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ x }log\quad a } -\frac { -1 }{ { b }^{ x }log\quad b } +c\)
91.
\(\int { \left( { e }^{ x\ \log a }+{ e }^{ a\ \log a }-{ e }^{ n\log{ x } } \right) } dx\)
\(=\int { \left( { e }^{ \log{ a }^{ x } }+{ e }^{ \log{ a }^{ a } }-{ e }^{ \log{ x }^{ n } } \right) } dx\)
[∵ m log n = log nm]
\(\left[ \because { e }^{ \log x }=x \right] \)
\(=\int { \left( { a }^{ x }+{ a }^{ a }-{ x }^{ n } \right) } dx\)
\(=\left[ \frac { { a }^{ x } }{ \log\ a } \right] +{ a }^{ a }\left( x \right) -\frac { { x }^{ n+1 } }{ n+1 } +c\)
\(\left[ \because \ \int { { a }^{ x }=\frac { { a }^{ x } }{ \log\ a } } \right] \)
92.
\(\int { \frac { { 5+5e }^{ 2x } }{ { e }^{ x }+{ e }^{ -x } } dx } =\int { \frac { { e }^{ x }\left( { e }^{ -x }+{ e }^{ x } \right) }{ { e }^{ x }+{ e }^{ -x } } } dx\)
\(=5\int { { e }^{ x }dx } \)
\(={ 5e }^{ x }+c\)
93.
Given f'(x) = \(\frac { 1 }{ x } \)
\(\Rightarrow \int { f^{ ' }\left( x \right) dx=\int { \frac { 1 }{ x } } } dx\)
\(\Rightarrow f(x)=\log { \left| x \right| } +c\)
\(Also\ f(1)=\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { \pi }{ 4 } =\log { \left| 1 \right| +c } \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { \pi }{ 4 } =c \quad \left[ \because \ \log1=0 \right] \)
Substituting c = π/4 in (1) we get,
\(f(x)=\log { \left| x \right| } +\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \)
94.
\(\int { \frac { \left( 3x+2 \right) dx }{ \left( x-2 \right) \left( x-3 \right) } } \)
\(\frac { 3x+2 }{ \left( x-2 \right) \left( x-3 \right) } =\frac { A }{ x-2 } +\frac { B }{ x-3 } \)
⇒ 3x+2 = A (x-3)+B(x-2)
Put x = 3
9+2 = B(1) ⇒ B = 11
Put x = 2
8 = A(-1) ⇒ A = -8
\(\frac { 3x+2 }{ \left( x-2 \right) \left( x-3 \right) } =\frac { -8 }{ x-2 } +\frac { 11 }{ x-3 } \)
\(=\int { \left( \frac { -8 }{ x-2 } +\frac { 11 }{ x-3 } \right) } dx\)
\(=-8\log { \left| x-2 \right| } +11\log { \left| x-3 \right| } +c\)
\(=-11\log { \left| x-3 \right| } -8\log { \left| x-2 \right| } +c\)
95.
\(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 3 }+{ 3x }^{ 2 }-7x+11 }{ x+5 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \left( { x }^{ 2 }-2x+3-\frac { 4 }{ x+5 } \right) } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } -{ x }^{ 2 }+3x-4\log { \left| x+5 \right| } +c\)
96.
\(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ x+2 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \left( { x }^{ 2 }-2x+4-\frac { 8 }{ x+2 } \right) } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } -{ x }^{ 2 }+4x-8\log\left| x+2 \right| +c\)
97.
\(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 4 }-{ x }^{ 2 }+2 }{ x-1 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \left( { x }^{ 3 }+{ x }^{ 2 }+\frac { 2 }{ x-1 } \right) } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 4 } }{ 3 } -\frac { { x }^{ 3 } }{ 3 } +2 \log\left| x-1 \right| +c\)
98.
\(\int { \frac { 7x-1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }-5x+6 } dx } =\int { \left[ \frac { 20 }{ x-3 } -\frac { 13 }{ x-2 } \right] dx } \)
\(=20\int { \frac { dx }{ x-3 } -13\int { \frac { dx }{ x-2 } } } \)
\(20log\left| x-3 \right| -13 \log\left| x-2 \right| +c\)
[ By partial fractions,
\(\frac { 7x-1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }-5x+6 } =\frac { A }{ x-3 } +\frac { B }{ x-2 } \Rightarrow \frac { 7x-1 }{ { x }^{ 2 }-5x+6 } =\frac { 20 }{ x-3 } -\frac { 13 }{ x-2 } \)]
99.
\(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 2 }+{ 5x }^{3 }-9 }{ x+2 } dx=\int { \left[ { x }^{ 2 }+3x-6+\frac { 3 }{ x+2 } \right] } } dx\)
\(=\frac { x^{ 3 } }{ 3 } +\frac { { 3x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } -6x+3 \log\left| x+2 \right| +c\)
[By simple division,
\(\frac { { x }^{ 3 }+{ 5x }^{ 3 }-9 }{ x+2 } ={ x }^{ 2 }+3x-6+\frac { 3 }{ x+2 } \)]
100.
\(\int { \frac { { x }^{ 2 }+2x+3 }{ x+1 } dx=\int { \left\{ \left( x+1 \right) +\frac { 2 }{ x+1 } \right\} } } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +x+2 \log\left| x+1 \right| +c\)
[Split into simple integrands
\(\frac { { x }^{ 2 }+2x+3 }{ x+1 } =\frac { \left( { x }^{ 2 }+2x+1 \right) +2 }{ x+1 } =\left( x+1 \right) +\frac { 2 }{ x+1 } \)]
101.
Given f'(x) = 8x3-2x, f(2) = 8
f'(x) = 8x3-2x
\(\Rightarrow \int { f'(x)dx=\int { \left( { 8x }^{ 3 }-2x \right) } } dx\)
⇒ f(x) = 2x4-x2+c...(1)
Given f(2) = 8
⇒ 8 = 2(24)-22+c
⇒ 8 = 32 - 4+c
⇒ 8 = 32 - 4+c
⇒ 8 - 28 = c
⇒ c = -20
Substituting c = -20 in (1) we get,
f(x) = 2x4-x2-20
102.
Given f'(x) = x + b, f(1) = 5 and f(2) = 13
f'(x) = x + b
\(\Rightarrow \int { f'(x)dx=\int { \left( x+b \right) dx } } \)
[ ∴ Integration is the reverse process of differentiation]
\(\Rightarrow f(0)=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +bx+c\)...(1)
Given f(1) = 5
\(\Rightarrow 5=\frac { { 1 }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +b(1)+c\)
\(\Rightarrow 5=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } +b(1)+c\Rightarrow 5-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } =b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { 10-2 }{ 2 } =b+c\Rightarrow b+c=\frac { 9 }{ 2 } \)
\(\Rightarrow 2b+2c=9\)..(2)
\(Also\quad f(2)=13\Rightarrow 13=\frac { { 2 }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +b(2)+c\)
⇒ 13 = 2 + 2b + c
⇒ 13-2 = 2b + c
⇒ 2b + c = 11 ---(3)
(2) - (3) ⟶ 2b + 2c = 9
-2b + -c = -11
c = -2
Substituting c = -2 in (3) we get
2b - 2 = 11⇒ 2b = 11+2 ⇒ 2b = 13
\(\Rightarrow b=\frac { 13 }{ 2 } \)
Substituting \(b=\frac { 13 }{ 2 } \), c = -2 in(1) we get,
\(f(x)=\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } +\frac { 13 }{ 2 } x-2\)
103.
\(\int \frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+1 } +\sqrt { x-1 } } { dx }\)
= Multiplying and dividing the conjugate of the denominator we get
\(=\int { \frac { \sqrt { x+1 } -\sqrt { x-1 } dx }{ \left( \sqrt { x+1 } +\sqrt { x-1 } \right) \left( \sqrt { x+1 } -\sqrt { x-1 } \right) } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { \sqrt { x+1 } -\sqrt { x-1 } }{ \left( x+1 \right) -\left( x-1 \right) } } dx\)
\(\left[ \because (a+b)(a-b)={ a }^{ 2 }-{ b }^{ 2 } \right] \)
\(=\int { \frac { \sqrt { x+1 } -\sqrt { x-1 } }{ 2 } } dx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \int { \left( { \left( x+1 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } }-{ \left( x-1 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right) } dx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left[ \frac { { \left( x+1 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } -\frac { { \left( x-1 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } \right] +c\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \left[ { \left( x+1 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } }-{ \left( x-1 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } \right] +c\)
104.
\(\int { \frac { 8x+13 }{ \sqrt { 4x+7 } } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { 8x+14-1 }{ \sqrt { 4x+7 } } } dx\)
\(=\int { \frac { 2\left( 4x+7 \right) -1 }{ \sqrt { 4x+7 } } } dx\)
\(=2\int { \frac { \left( 4x+7 \right) }{ \sqrt { 4x+7 } } } dx-\int { \frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 4x+7 } } } dx\)
\(=2\int { \sqrt { 4x+7 } dx-\int { \frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 4x+7 } } } } dx\)
\(=2\int { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } } dx-\int { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } } dx\)
\(=2\frac { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } }{ 4\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 \right) } -\frac { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } }{ 4\left( \frac { -1 }{ 2 } +1 \right) } +c\)
\(=2\frac { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ 4\left( \frac { 3 }{ 2 } \right) } -\frac { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } }{ 4\left( \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \right) } +c\)
\(=\frac { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ 3 } -\frac { { { \left( 4x+7 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } } }{ 2 } +c\)
105.
\(\int { \sqrt { x } } \left( { x }^{ 2 }-2x+3 \right) dx\)
\(=\int { { x }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } } \left( { x }^{ 3 }-2x+3 \right) dx\)
\(=\int { \left( { x }^{ 3+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }-{ 2x }^{ 1+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }+{ 3x }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right) } dx\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ \frac { 7 }{ 2 } +1 } }{ \frac { 7 }{ 2 } +1 } -\frac { { 2x }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } +1 } }{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } +1 } +\frac { { 3x }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } }{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } +1 } +c\)
\(=\frac { { x }^{ \frac { 9 }{ 2 } } }{ \frac { 9 }{ 2 } } -2\frac { { x }^{ \frac { 5 }{ 2 } } }{ \frac { 5 }{ 2 } } +3\frac { { x }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } +c\)
\(=\frac { 2 }{ 9 } { x }^{ \frac { 9 }{ 2 } }-\frac { 4 }{ 5 } { x }^{ \frac { 5 }{ 2 } }+{ 2x }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } }+c\)
106.
\(\int { \frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x-2 } } } dx\)
=\(\int { \frac { \sqrt { x+2 } +\sqrt { x-2 } }{ 4 } } dx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \left\{ { \left( x+2 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } }+{ \left( x-2 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } \right\} +c\)
| By rationalisation, \(\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x-2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x-2 } } \times \frac { \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x-2 } }{ \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x-2 } } =\frac { \sqrt { x+2 } -\sqrt { x-2 } }{ 4 } \) |
107.
Split into simple integrands
\({ \frac { x+2 }{ \sqrt { 2x+3 } } } = { \frac { 1/2( {2x+4) }}{ {( 2x+3 )^{1/2}} } } \)
\(=\int { \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left\{ { \left( 2x+3 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } }+{ \left( 2x+3 \right) }^{ -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right\} } dx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left\{ \frac { { \left( 2x+3 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } } }{ (2x+3) + 1} \right\} \)
\(\int { \frac { x+2 }{ \sqrt { 2x+3 } } } dx=\int { \frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left\{ { \left( 2x+3 \right) }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } }+{ \left( 2x+3 \right) }^{ -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right\} } dx\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left\{ \frac { { \left( 2x+3 \right) }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ 3 } +{ \left( 2x+3 \right) }^{ -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right\} +c\)
108.
By factorisation,
2x2 −14x + 24 = (x − 3)(2x − 8)
\(\int { \frac { { 2x }^{ 2 }-14x+24 }{ x-3 } dx } =\int { \frac { \left( x-3 \right) \left( 2x-8 \right) }{ x-3 } } dx\)
\(=\int { \left( 2x-8 \right) } dx\)
\(={ x }^{ 2 }-8x+c\)
109.
\(\int { \frac { { ax }^{ 2 }+bx+c }{ \sqrt { x } } dx } \)
=\(\int { \left( { ax }^{ \frac { 2 }{ 3 } }+{ bx }^{ \frac { 2 }{ 3 } }+{ cx }^{ -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } } \right) dx } \)
=\(a\int { { x }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } }dx+b\int { { x }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } }+c\int { { x }^{ -\frac { 1 }{ 2 } }dx } } } \)
=\(\frac { { 2ax }^{ \frac { 5 }{ 2 } } }{ 5 } +\frac { { 2bx }^{ \frac { 3 }{ 2 } } }{ 3 } +{ 2cx }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } }+k\)
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