Acetaldehyde and methyl ketones, containing \(\\ \\ { CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { | }{ O } }{ C } -group\) , when treated with halogen and alkali give the corresponding haloform. This is known as Haloform reaction
\({ CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ CH }_{ 3 }\overset { { 3Cl }_{ 2 } }{ \underset { Na }{ \longrightarrow } } { CCl }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ CH }_{ 3 }\overset { NaOH }{ \longrightarrow } { CHCl }_{ 3 }+{ CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -ONa\)

(i) Ethanal (CH₃CHO) is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction than propanone (\({ CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ CH }_{ 3 }\)) because of steric and electronic reasons.
(ii) Greater the number of alkyl groups attached, less will be the reactivity of carbonyl compound towards nucleophilic addition.
(iii) Soethanal is more reactive than propanone.

(i) 40 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde is known as formalin.
(ii) It is used as a preservative for biological specimens and in leather tanning.

When calcium acetate is dry distilled, acetone is formed.

Hexamethylene tetramine formed by the reaction of formaldehyde and ammonia is called urotropine.

Aldehydes that do not have a-hydrogen atom undergo Cannizaro reaction.
Eg: HCHO, C₆H₅CHO.

(i) Formaldehyde does not undergo aldol condensation.
(ii) Aldol condensation reaction is the characteristic of carbonyl compounds having a hydrogen atom. So this reaction does not take place in formaldehyde.

(i) \(H-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -H\) - Formaldehyde
(ii) \({ CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -H\) - Acetaldehyde
(iii) \({ CH }_{ 3 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ { CH }_{ 3 } }\) - Acetone
(iv) \(\\ { C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 5 }-\underset { \overset { || }{ O } }{ C } -{ CH }_{ 5 }\) - Aceopenone

(i) Schiff's reagent is used to .distinguish acetaldehyde and acetone.
(ii) Acetaldehyde restores the original colour (red-pink) of the Schiff's reagent.
(iii) Acetone does not restore this colour.

(i) The Incident light is taken from left to right (i.e. object on the left of mirror).
(ii) All the distances are measured from the pole of the mirror (pole is taken as origin).
(iii) The distances measured to the right of pole along the principal axis are taken as positive.
(iv) The distances measured to the left of pole along the principal axis are taken as negative.
(v) Heights measured in the upward perpendicular direction to the principal axis are taken as positive.
(vi) Heights measured in the downward perpendicular direction to the principal axis, are taken as negative.

(i) C be the centre of curvature of the mirror.
(ii) Consider a light ray parallel to the principal axis is incident on the mirror at M and passes through the principal focus F after reflection. An.
(iii) The line CM is the normal to the mirror at M. Let i be the angle of incidence and the same will be the angle of reflection.
(iv) If MP is the perpendicular from M on the principal axis, then from the geometry.
(v) The angles ∠MCP = i and ∠MFP = 2i
(vi) From right -angle triangles ΔMCP and ΔMFP,
\(tani=\cfrac { PM }{ PC } \) and \(tan2i=\cfrac { PM }{ PF } \)
(vii) As the angles are small, tan i≈i
\(i=\cfrac { PM }{ PC } \) and \(2i=\cfrac { PM }{ PF } \) 
(viii) Simplifying
\(2\cfrac { PM }{ PC } =\cfrac { PM }{ PF } ;2PF=PC\)

(i) The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, erect, and laterally inverted.
(ii) The size of the image is equal to the size of the object.
(iii The image distance far behind the mirror is equal to the object distance in front of it.
(iv) If an object is placed between two plane mirrors inclined at an angle e, then the number of images n formed is as,
\(n=\left( \cfrac { 360 }{ \theta } -1 \right) \)

The angle between the incident and deviated light ray is called angle of deviation of the light ray.

According to law of reflection,
(i) The incident ray, reflected ray and normal to the reflecting surface all are coplanar (i.e: lie in the same plane).
(ii) The angle of incidence i is equal to the angle of reflection r.
i = r

The compound with molecular formula C₈H₁₀

Compound (C) with molecular formula C₃H_SBr is