The main objectives of Company Law 1956 are:
(i) To sustain the trust and faith of Shareholders
(ii) To protect and preserve the rights of Shareholders
(iii) To have drastic control over all the activities of the company
(iv) To make regulation of an effective Annual Meeting,
(v) The investment of the general public should be used for the development of society or social welfare activities.

(i) Retail Entrepreneurs:
(a) Retail entrepreneurs are those who enter into a venture of distributing the end-product to the final consumer while wholesale entrepreneurs take up the venture of distributing the product to the retailer.
(b) They used to buy the goods in small quantities from numerous wholesalers and make it available different products of different brands under one roof to end consumer.
(ii) Service Entrepreneur:
(a) Service entrepreneurs enter into - the venture of supplying service products to end consumers.
(b) Hoteliers, airlines, banking, insurance', and financial service providers, repair service organization, bus operators, train service, advisory organization, advertising firms, manpower supplier, etc., come under service entrepreneur's category.

(i) MICR code is a character - recognition technology used mainly by the banking industry to ease processing and clearance of cheques and other documents.
(ii) It is found at the bottom of the cheque. It includes bank code, bank account number, cheque number, cheque amount and a control indicator.
(iii) The MICR code helps the banker to ensure the legitimacy or originality of paper documents.
(iv) The special ink used in the MICR code is sensitive to magnetic fields.
(v) It prevents the crime of printing counterfeit cheques or documents using technology.
(vi) The magnetic ink will help discover fake documents.

(i) The word Nifty originates from 2 words, 'National' and 'Fifty'.
(ii) Nifty basically means the index of the 50 most actively traded stocks from across all sectors.
(iii) Nifty represents the top stocks of the NSE and when we talk about Nifty going up, it means that all the heavyweight stocks of NSE across all sectors are moving up.
(iv) Nifty consists of top 50 companies from 24 different sectors.
(v) Nifty is computed from the performance of top stocks from different sectors.
(vi) Some mutual funds use Nifty as a benchmark. The performance of the mutual funds is assessed against the performance of the Nifty.

Gilt-Edged Market also known as Government Securities market is the market for Government and semi-Government securities.
An important feature of the securities traded in this market. That they are stable in value and are much sought after by banks.
(i) Guaranteed return on investments
(ii) No speculation in securities
(iii) Institutional based investors which are compelled by law to invest a portion of their funds in these securities.
(iv) Predominated by such institutions as LIC, GIC, PFs and the commercial banks.

(i) Transfer of property (ownership) in goods from the seller to the buyer is the main object of a contract of sale.
(ii) The term property in goods must be distinguished from possession of goods.
(iii) Property in goods means the ownership of goods while possession of goods refers to the custody of goods or control over the goods.
(iv) For eg. 'A'  may possess a watch. Just because 'A' possesses the watch, he cannot be owner. He might have borrowed the watch from his friend or stolen the watch from somebody or found it on the highways. In this case, he cannot be called owner.

(i) Bills that are drawn and payable in India on a person who is resident in India are called inland bills.
(ii) Bills that are drawn outside India and are payable either in India or outside India are called foreign bills.

Financial assets can be classified differently under different circumstances. One such classification is :
(i) Marketable assets
(ii) Non-marketable assets
(I) Marketable Assets:
(a) Marketable assets are those which can be easily transferred from one person to another without much hindrance:
(b) Example: Shares of Listed companies, Government securities, Bonds of Public sector undertakings etc.
(ii) Non marketable Assets:
(a) If the assets cannot be transferred easily, they come under this category.
(b) Example: Bank deposits, Provident funds, Pension funds, National savings Certificates, Insurance policies etc.

(i) Privatization means permitting the private sector to set up industries which were previously reserved for the public sector.
(ii) Under this policy many Public Sector Units (PSUs) were sold to private sector
(iii) The main reason for privatization was that PSUs were running in losses due to mismanagement and political interterence.

Yes, controlling is a systematic process which involves following steps
(i) Setting performance standards.
(ii) Measurement of actual performance
(iii) Comparing actual performance with standards.
(iv) Analysing deviations
(v) Taking corrective action

The two terms 'management' and 'administration' are used inter changeably.
(i) While management is more executive in nature. But the concept of administration denotes the art of decision - making.
(ii) Management is all about plans, actions, but the administration is concerned with framing policies and setting objectives.
(iii) The manager looks after the management of the organisation, whereas administration is responsible for the administration of the organisation.

A complaint may be made in writing under the following circumstances:
i) Loss or damage is caused to the consumer due to unfair trade practice of a trader.
ii) If the article purchased by a consumer is defective.
iii) If the services availed of by a consumer suffer from any deficiency.
iv) When the price paid by a consumer excess of the price displayed on the goods or when the price is in excess of the price fixed under any law in force.
v) Goods, which will be hazardous to life and safety, when used are being offered for sale to the public in contravention of the provisions of any law.

(i) Money market: It is a type of market where short term securities are exchanged. It provides short term and very short term finance to industries, banks, governments agencies and financial intermediates.
(ii) Foreign exchange market: It is an international market. This type of markets helps exporters and importers, in converting their currencies into foreign currencies and vice versa.
(iii) Stock market: This is a market where sales and purchases of shares, debentures, bonds etc. It is also known as securities market.

Training is important for an organisation because of the following reasons:
(i) Training of the workers leads to increase in productivity and reduction of wastages.
(ii) It reduces absenteeism and labour turnover as trained workers become more confident and thus, they became regular and stick to their job and place.
(iii) It is required to teach technology and work methods to employees.

(i) The Indian Contract Act, 1982 was passed to bind the people on the promise made in the contract.
(ii) The Sale of Goods Act, 1930: This Act protects consumers against sellers not complying with expressed and implied warranties in the sale contract.
(iii) The Agricultural Products Grading and Marketing Act, 1937 ensures the supply of agricultural commodities at high quality.

(i) Viral Marketing:
(1) Viral marketing is able to generate interest and the potential sale of a brand or product through messages that spread quickly like a virus from person to person.
(2) The most widespread example in recent times is the creation of moving, surprising or spectacular videos on YouTube, which are then shared on Facebook, Twitter and other channels.
(ii) Ambush Marketing:
(1) Ambush marketing is a method of building brands in covert ways. For example X has sponsored a football event to promote his brand. Every time camera zooms on reference, a group of people sitting on the bench wearing 'Y' company brand name imposed shirt comes into focuses.
(2) Bigger companies engage in ambush marketing tactics to undermine official event sponsors

(i) Application Blank : Most of public sector undertaking, various ministries of Government, Selection Commissions, Recruitment Board and Private Sector Companies either supply pre-printed application form or direct the candidates to download the forms uploaded in their respective websites.
(ii) Scrutinizing the Applications: Selection committee has to evolve some criteria like age, length of experience, level of education, percentage of marks, higher qualification, level of exposure, communal quotos, proficiency etc., to shortlist the number of applicants for the interview.
(iii) Selection Test: Several tests are conducted in the selection process to ensure whether the candidate possesses the necessary qualification to fit into various positions in the organization