(i) Since crossing is a material part of the cheqtre, crossing cannot be obliterated (removed) by a holder.
(ii) But if the obliteration has been done by dishonest persons so skilfully that its detection is impossible and if payment has  been made in due course, though at the counter, the paying banker is discharged from liability.

(i) Bearer Instrument: Promissory Note, Bill of Exchange or cheque is payable to bearer is called bearer instrument subject to fulfilment of either of the two conditions:
(1) It must be expressed to be payable
(2) The only or last endorsement should be a blank endorsement.
(ii) Order Instrument: Promissory Note, Bill of Exchange or cheque is payable to order is called Order instrument.
(iii) Inland Instrument: Promissory Note, Bill of Exchange or cheque is an inland instrument subject to the following conditions:
(a) It must be drawn in India
(b) It must be payable in India
(c) It must be drawn upon any person resident in India
(iv) Foreign Instrument: An instrument which is not the inland instrument is called a foreign instrument.
(1) Bill drawn outside India
(2) Bill payable outside India
(3) Bill drawn upon foreign citizens
(v) Ambiguous Instrument: An ambiguous instrument means an instrument which can be construed either as a promissory note or a bill of exchange.
(vi) Inchoate Instrument: It means an incomplete instrument in some respect.

Characteristics of a Promissory Note:
(i) A promissory note must be in writing. An oral promise to pay does not constitute a promissory note.
(ii) It must contain a promise or undertaking to pay a mere acknowledgment of indebtedness will not make it a promissory note.
(iii) The promise to pay must be unconditional.
(iv) It must be signed by the maker. The signature must be in any part of the instrument and it need not be at the bottom.
(v) The maker of the note must be a certain person.
(vi) A promissory note originally made payable to bearer is illegal.
(vii) The promise must be for payment of money only.
(viii) The sum payable must be certain and must be specified in the note itself-.
(ix) A bank note or a currency note is not a promissory note.
(x) A promissory note must be sufficiently stamped.