There are four major components of EDI. They are
(i) Standard document format
(ii) Translator and Mapper
(iii) Communication software
(iv) Communication network

Non-repudiation: Repudiation refers to any act of relinquishing responsibility for a message. Non-repudiation ensures that the signer who digitally signed the document cannot deny having signed it. The digitally signed documents strengthen its recipient integrity claims. Therefore, the recipient can strongly insist on the signature of the sender so as not to be easily denied at a later time.

(i) Electronic wallets (e-wallets) or electronic purses allow users to make electronic transactions quickly and securely over the Internet through smartphones (or) computers.
(ii) The electronic wallet functions almost the same as a physical wallet in term that it holds our money
(iii) Electronic wallets were first recognized as a method for storing money in electronic form, and became popular because It provides a convenient way for online shopping.

NS2 is the abbreviation of NETWORK SIMULATOR version 2. It was considered explicitly for exploration in network communication and event-driven open-source simulator in computer.

1. The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cup used to connect the wire inside the connector and ready to connect the Internet.
2. Each RJ45 connector has eight pins and it has 8-position, 8-contact modular plug, it is also known as 8P8C connector.

The types of IP address
(i) IPv4 Address and
(ii) IPv6 Address

Two types of RFID tags were Active RFID and Passive RFID systems.

The common uses of computer network are
(i) Communication
(ii) Resource sharing
(iii) Information sharing

1. A Web database is a database application designed to be managed and accessed through the Internet.
2. In other words, the light databases that support the web applications are also known as Web Databases

File handling is an important activity of all web application development process.

Syntax of while loop
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}

switch (n)
{
case label 1:
code to be executed if n=labeI1;
break;
case label 2:
code to be executed if n=labeI2;
break;
case label 3:
code to be executed if n=labeI3;
break;
...
default:
code to be executed if n is different from all labels;
}

1. The array() function is used to create an array.
2. In PHP,there are three types of arrays:
i). Indexed arrays - Arrays with numeric index
ii). Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys
iii). Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays

(i) Yes, PHP is a case sensitive language both upper and lower case are treated differently.
(ii) Example: $x and $X are different variable names.

(i) A set of stored queries is known as view in SQL.
(ii) A View contains rows and columns just like a real table.

Animation is the process of displaying still images with continuous movement.
Features:
(i) Screen object is a vector image.
(ii) Animation tools are very powerful and effective.
(iii) Frame rate: 16 frames/sec for smoothness impression, 25 frames/sec for natural looking.