The basic standardization concept of EDIFACT is that there are uniform message types called United Nations Standard Message. The message types have exactly one nickname consisting of six uppercase English alphabets. The message begins with UNH and with UNT.

(i) Information leakage
(ii) Tampering
(iii) Payment frauds
(iv) Malicious code threats
(v) Distributed denial of service attacks
(vi) Cyber squatting
(vii) Typopiracy
(viii) Hacking

Stored value card is a type of debit card that is pre-loaded with certain amount(value), with which a payment is made. It is a card that has default monetary value onto it. The card may be disposed when the value is used, or recharged to use it again. The major advantage of stored value card is that customers don't need to have a bank account to get prepaid cards. There are two varieties for stored value card.
(i) Closed loop (single purpose) Eg: Chennai metro rail travel card.
(ii) Open loop (multipurpose) Eg.: Visa gift cards.

(i) The third wave is brought on by the mobile technologies.
(ii) It connects users for real-time and on-demand transactions via mobile technologies.
(iii) The term Web 3.0, summarize the various characteristics ofthe future Internet which include Artificial Intelligence, Semantic Web,Generic Database etc.

(i) In this period of increased competition and cyber crimes, the computers used by indivudals or business organisations may have spy hardwares of rivals.
(ii) Open source hardware technology helps in such threats.
(iii) In this technique we get the components of the hardware and its circuit diagram, so that we can remove suspicious spyware if found.

The four main components used in the Ethernet Cabling are
(i) Patch cable [Twisted pair]
(ii) RJ45 connector
(iii) Ethernet ports
(iv) Crimping tool

URL	Domain Name
(i) It is sequence of labels. Sequence of labels are separated by dot(.)	(i) URL is the address of a document on the Internet
(ii) Domain name is always read from the lower level to higher level (ie) From leaf node to root node.	(ii) URL is made up of four parts - protocols, hostname, folder name and file name.
(iii) Since the root node always represented  NULL string, all the domain name ending with dot.	(iii) Each part has its own specific functions.Depending on the applications, additional information can be added to the URL.

There are four total layers of TCP/IP protocol, each of which is listed below with a brief description.
(i) Network Access Layer - Concerned with building packets.
(ii) Internet Layer - describes how packets are to be delivered.
(iii) Transport Layer - ensure the proper transmission of data.
(iv) Application Layer - application network processes. These processes include File transfer Protocol (FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Artificial intelligence helps to predict traffic as it collects and analyzes data in real time.

Syntax:
mysqli_connect("Server Name","User Name","password","DB Name");
Example:

The GET and POST methods are used for sending the data to the server and the main difference between them is that GET methods append the data to the URI defined in form's action attribute POST methods attaches data to the requested body.

1. Do whileloop always run the statement inside of the loop block at the first time execution.
2. Then it is checking the condition whether true or false.
3. It executes the loop, if the specified condition is true.
Syntax:
do
{code to executed;
}while (condition is true);

Switch Statement	If else statement
Switch statement uses single expression for multiple choices.	if-else statement uses multiple statement for multiple choices.
It test only for equality.	It test for equality as well as for logical expression.
Statement will be executed is decided by user.	Evaluates any type
If switch statements does not match any cases, the default statements is executed.	If the condition fails, then by default the else statement is executed.

Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type in single array variable.
They are 3 types of array concepts in PHP.
(i) Indexed Arrays,
(ii) Associative Array and
(iii) Multi-Dimensional Array.
Usage of Array:
When combined with foreach statement which allows loop through an array quickly with very little code.

Basis for comparison	Server-side scripting	Client-side scripting
Basic	Works in the back end which could not be visible at the client end.	Works at the front end and script are visible among the users.
Processing	Requires server interaction	Does not need interaction with the server
Languages involved	PHP, ASP.net,Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, Python, etcetera.	HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc.
Affect	Could effectively customize the web pages and provide dynamic websites	Can reduce the load to the server.
Server-side scripting	Relatively secure.	Insecure

In ER Model, relationship exists between two entities. Three types of relationships are available and the Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram is based on the three types listed below
(i) One-to-One relationship: Consider two entities A and B. One-to-one (1:1) relationship is said to exist in a relational database design, if 0 or 1 instance of entity A is associated with 0 or 1 instance of entity B, and 0 or 1 instance of entity B is associated with 0 or I instance of entity A.
(ii) One-to-Many relationship: Consider two entities A and B. One-to-many (1:N) relationship is said to exist in a relational database design, for 1 instance of entity A there exists 0 or 1 or many instances of entity B, but for 1 instance of entity B there exists 0 ur 1 instance of entity A.
(iii) Many-to-Many relationship: Consider two entities A and B. many-to-many (M:N) relationship is said to exist in a relational database design, for 1 instance of entity A there exists 0 or 1 or many instances of entity B, and for 1 instance of entity B there exists 0 or 1 or many instance of entity A.

To link Frames containing text
(i) Draw a second frame with the Frame tool of your choice.
(ii) Click the first frame to select it.
(iii) Click on the red triangle to load the text icon.
(iv) Click the second frame. PageMaker flows the text into the second frame.

Team comprises of members playing various roles and responsibilities like Script Writer. Production Manager, Content Specialist, Editor, Graphics Architect, Multimedia Architect, Audio and Video specialist, Computer Programmer and Web Master.