1. Parameterized functions are functions with parameter or arguments.
2. It is just like variables.

Validation rules for HTML input field:
1. Name (Text Input): Must contain letters and white-spaces
2. Website (Text Input): Must contain a valid URL

An attribute or group of attributes, which is sufficient to distinguish every tuple in the relation from every other one is known as Super Key.

If you place the mouse pointer on a button in the Toolbar, a short text will appear as its description called 'Tool Tip'.

(i) The RJ-21 connector has 50 pins with 25 pins at one end and 25 pins at the other end.
(ii) It is also called as champ connector or Amphenol Connector.
(iii) Amphenol Connector is a connector manufacturer.

The common application of mobile networks is mobile phones, tablets, etc.. In the past, wireless communications largely used circuit switching to carry only voice over a network, but now currently both data and voice are being transmitted over both circuit via switched networks and packet switched networks.

Syntax:
if (condition)
{
  //code to be executed if condition is true;
}

ACID Properties :
(i) The acronym stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability.
(ii) Atomicity follows the thumb rule "All (or) Nothing" while updating the data in database for the user performing the update operation.
(iii) Consistency ensures that the changes in data value to be constant at any given instance. Isolation property is needed during concurrent transaction.
(iv) Durability is defined as the system is ability to recover all committed transactions during the failure of storage or the system

It is any sort of production that user combination of text, audio and graphics to tell about something.
Eg. Educational, Sale of product etc.

Adequate time and efficient planning is required for multimedia production, which assures that the project will be proceed smoothly and certainly ensures that the information reaches the target audience.
Following are the phases for development of complex multimedia projects.
1. Conceptual Analysis and Planning
The process of multimedia making begins with a conceptual ignition point. Conceptual analysis identifies a appropriate theme, budget and content availability on that selected theme. Additional criteria like copyright issues also are considered in this phase.
2. Project design
i. Once the theme is finalized objectives, goals, and activities are drawn for the multimedia project. 
ii. General statements are termed as goals.
iii. Specific statements in the project is known as the objectives.
iv. Activities are series of actions performed to implement an objective. 
v. These activities contribute to the Project design phase.
3. Pre-production
Based on the planning and design, it is necessary to develop the project.
4. Budgeting
Budgeting for each phases like consultants, hardware, software, travel, communication and publishing is estimated for all the multimedia projects.
5. Multimedia Production Team
i. The production team for a high end multimedia project requires a team efforts.
ii. Team comprises of members playing various roles and responsibilities like Script writer, Production manager, Editor, Graphics Architect, Multimedia Architect and Web Master.
6. Hardware/Software Selection
i. Hardware includes the selection of fastest CPU, RAM and huge monitors, sufficient disc for storing the records.
ii. Software and file formats depends on the funds available for the project being developed.
7. Defining thc Content
Content is the "stuff " provided by content specialist to the multimedia architect with which the application is developed, who prepares the narration, bullets, charts and tables etc.
8. Preparing the structural
Detailed structure defines the activities, responsible person for each activity and the start/ end time for each activity.
9. Production
i. After the pre-production activities, the production phase starts
ii. Activities like background music selection, sound recording and so on
iii. Text is incorporated using OCR software Pictures shot by digital camera, video clips are shot, edited and compressed.
iv. A pilot project is ready by this time
10. Testing
i. Thecomplete testing of the pilot product is done before the mass production to ensure that everything is in place, thereby avoiding the failure after launch
ii. If it's an web based issues, it is tested with different browsers
iii. If it is on a LAN, it must be deployed in the server for testing purpose.
iv. After the testing process are over, the product is incorporated with valid suggested changes.
11. Documentation
i. User documentation is mandaory feature of all multimedia projects till the completion of testing
ii. contact details, e-mail/ID and phone number are provided for technical support and sending suggestions and comments

1. Web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.
2. Each individual web page image and video is identified by a distinct URL, enabling  browsers to retrieve and then display on the user's device.

1. Click the New Master Page icon inthe Master Pages palette. The New Master Page dialog box appears.
2. Enter the name of the new master page in the Name field
3. Make the appropriate changes in the Margins and Column Guides fields
4. Click on OK. A new Master Page appears in the Master Pages palette.

The number is: 1
The number is: 2
The number is: 3
The number is: 4
The number is: 5
Program:
< ?php
＄ x = 1;
de {
echo "The number is: ＄x
";
＄x++;
} while (＄x < = 5);
? >

(i) Physical product disputes are a major disadvantage in E-Commerce, E-Commerce purchases are often made on trust.
(ii) This is because, we do not have physical access to the product.
(iii) Though Internet is an effective channel for visual and auditory information it does not allow full scope for our senses.
(iv) We can see pictures of the perfumes, but cannot smell their fragrance; we can see pictures of a cloth, but not its quality.
(v) If we want to inspect something, we choose what we look at and how we look at it.
(vi) But in online shopping, we would see only the pictures the seller had chosen for us.
(vii) People are often much more comfortable in buying the generic goods (that they have seen or experienced before and in which there is little ambiguity) rather than unique or complex things via the Internet.

SI.No.	URL	Web address
1.	A URL is the address of a particular website, audio stream or document available on the web.	A web address more commonly defines a unique name that helps people remember a URL.
2.	URLs Consists of the internet protocol needed to access the item you wish to locate on the host computer	It is usually in simpler form, such as, www. google.com or www.Amazon.com. Generally your browser will recognize the proper URL when you type in a web address

(i) PHP Loop Often when you write code, you want the same block of code to run over and over again in a row.
(ii) Instead of adding several almost equal code-lines in a script, we can use loops to perform a task.
(iii) Looping structures are useful for writing iteration logics.
(iv) It is the most important feature of many programming languages, including PHP.

(i) USE Database: This command is used to select the database in MySQL for working.
Syntax:
mysql>use test:
Database changed
mysql>
(ii) SHOW Database: Lists all the databases available in the database server.
Syntax:
mysql>show databases;
(iii) SHOW Tables: Lists all the tables available in the current database we are working in.
Syntax: mysql>show tables;

Animation is the process of displaying still images so quickly so that they give the impression of continuous movement.
Features:
(i) Animation tools are very powerful and effective.
(ii) Frame rate of 16 frames/sec gives the impression of smoothness.
(iii) For natural looking, frames rate should be atleast 25 frames/sec.
There are two basic techniques of animations:
(a) Path animation
(b) Frame animation.
(a) Path Animation:
Path animation involves moving an object on a screen that has a constant background.
(b) Frame Animation:
In frame animations, multiple objects are allowed to travel simultaneously and the background or the objects also changes.

Following is the brief account of multimedia technology applications
(i) Webcasting and Video Conferencing
(ii) In-house Production of Multimedia Resources and E-publishing
(iii) Digital Multimedia Libraries etc.
1. Webcasting and Video conferencing
i. The live telecast of real time programs through internet is known as Webcasting.
ii. Video conferencing between more than two participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio and video data.
2. In-house Production of Multimedia Resources and E-publishing
i. Many libraries produce multimedia resources in-house, to serve the parent organization.
ii. It is in the form of CD/DVD and it is easy to use and acceptable form to library users.
3. Digital Multimedia Libraries etc.
i. Information's are available in digital formats that include digital books, scanned images, graphics and digitized audio-visual clips etc.
ii. Images, audio and video recordings were also integrated under the collection of digital library.

(i) Ethernet card is a Network-Interface Card (NIC) that allows computers to connect and transmit data to the device on the network.
(ii) It may be an expansion card (or) builtin-type. expansion card is a separate circuit board also called as PCI Ethernet card which is inserted into PCI slot on motherboard of a computer.
(iii) Now a days, most of the computers come with built-in Ethernet cards which resides on motherboard.
(iv) Wireless Ethernet cards are also available which uses radio waves to transmit data.

(v) Ethernet port is an opening which is a part of an Ethernet card. It accepts RJ45 connector with an Ethernet cable. It is also called as RJ45 Jack.
(vi) It is found on Personal Computers, Laptops, Routers, Switches, Hubs, and modems,
(vii) We can see an Ethernet port on the backside of a computer (or) a laptop.
(viii) It connects Ethernet cable with Ethernet card mounted on Motherboard.
(ix) Nowadays, most of computers and laptops have a built-in Ethernet port for connecting the device to a wired network. Some of them not having a port use dongles. Devices that use only wifi for networking eliminate both cable and port .
(x) Once we inject the plug into the port the 2 LED lights will glow in the computer. One is green and another is orange. Once orange light starts blinking, referring to an Internet connection.

The basic standardization concept of EDIFACT is that there are uniform message types called United Nations Standard Message (UNSM). In so-called subsets, the message types can be specified deeper in their characteristics depending on the sector. The message types, all of which always have exactly one nickname consisting of six uppercase English alphabets. The message begins with UNH and ends with UNT
1. Service messages:
To confirm/reject a message, CONTRL and APERAK messages are sent
2. CONTRL-Syntax Check and Confirmation of Arrival of Message
3. APERAK - Technical error messages and acknowledgment
4. Data exchange
5. CREMUL - multiple credit advice
6. DELFOR-Delivery forecast
7. IFTMBC - Booking confirmation.

	1G	2G	3G	4G
Introduced in year	1980	1993	2001	2009
Technology	AMPS, NMT	GSM	WCDMA	LTE, WIMAX
Characteristic	First wireless  communication	Digital version	Digital broadband speed increment	Very high speed, all IP
Supports	Voice only	Voice and data	Voice and data	Voice and data
Advantage	Simpler	SIM introduced multimedia features	High-security international roaming	High speed, global mobility
Disadvantage	Limited capacity not secure	Low network range slow data rate	High power   consumption	Hard to implement
Applications	Voice calls	Voice call, short message browsing	Video conferencing mobile TV GPS	High-speed applications, mobile TV, wearable devices

1. Most credit cards are accepted worldwide.
2. It is not necessary to pay physical money at the time of purchase.
3. The customer gets an extra period to pay the purchase.
4. Depending on the card, there is no need to pay annuity.
5. Allows purchase over the Internet in installments
6. Some issuers allows "round up" the purchase price and pay the difference
7. In cash to make the transactions easy

ER Component	Description (how it is represented)	Notation
Entity - Strong	Simple rectangular box
Entity - Weak	Double rectangular boxes
Relationships	Rhombus symbol - strong
Between Entities	Rhombus within rhombus - Weak
Attributes	Ellipse symbol connected to the entity
Key Attribute for Entity	Underline the attribute name inside Ellipse
Derived Attribute for Entity	Dotted ellipse inside main ellipse
Multivalued Attribute for Entity	Double Ellipse

The Internet Explosion
(i) Internet is simply defined as the World Wide Web connection of individual networks which operated by academic, industry, government, and private parties.
(ii)  The Internet served to interconnect with laboratories engaged at government research, and from 1994 it is expanded to serve millions of user and a multiple purpose in all parts of this universe.
(iii) In few years, the Internet built itself as a highly powerful platform that changed their way we do business and the way we communicate. Internet promotes as the universal source of information of billions of people, at work, at home, at school. Internet gave high communication medium, has given an international, "Globalised" at all dimension of the world.
(iv) Internet is growing all the time. By two things, have marked its evolution nowadays the mobile technology and social web. These two innovations have been changed the people life style to use Internet. We may find many communities in social web. Facebook was created in 2004 but gowned into world wide network all over more than 2,230 million active users.
(v) Mobile technology on hand made possible to great reach of Internet and increase the Internet user all over the world.
(vi) The Internet allows all to be democratic in mass media. Anyone can have a webpage in
(vii) Internet with very low investment. Similarly any business can reach a very large market directly, economically and fast, no matter of location or size of their business. Almost anyone that who san read and write can have a access and a presence in World Wide Web with very low investment. People everywhere can express and publish their ideas and opinions via blogging.

Open Source Software	Proprietary Software
It refers to the software that is developed and tested through open collaboration.	It refers to the software that is solely owned by the individual or the organization that developed it.
Anyone with the academic knowledge can access, inspect modify and redistribute the source code.	Only the owner or publisher who holds the legal property rights of the source code can access it.
The project is managed by an open  source community of developers and programmers.	The project is managed by a closed group of individuals or team that developed it.
They are not aimed at unskilled users outside of the programming community.	They are focused on a limited market of both skilled and unskilled and users.
It provides better flexibility which means more freedom which encourages innovation.	There is a very limited scope of innovation with the restrictions and all.
Examples: Android, Firefox, Libreoffice, Ubuntu, Gname etc..	Examples: Windows, mac Os, iTunes, Google earth. Adobe flash etc.

1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine.
2. Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt/attribute mentioned as "multipart /form-data. In the tag mention type = "file" attribute shows the input field as a file select control with a "Browse" button next to the input control.
3. In server machine "php.ini" file search for the file uploads directive, and set it to On : "file uploads = On"
4. After submitting the upload button the request reaches to student_photo_upload.php file.
5. In the file＄_FILES variable collects all uploaded file information such as name of the file, size of the file and extension of the file etc. All the details are checked throughly and the error are saved in an array variable The file finally moves under the image directly if the array error variable is empty.
Example:
Fileupload.html:

 

 

 

Select image to upload:

 

 

 

 

To place text in a Frame
(i) Click on any one Frame tool from the Toolbox.
(ii) Draw a frame with one of PageMaker's Frame tools (Rectangle frame tool (or) Ellipse Frame Tool (or) Polygon frame Tool). Make sure the objects remains selected.
(iii) Click on File > Place. The Place dialog box will appears.
(iv) Locate the document that contains the text you want to place, select it.
(v) Click on Open.
(vi) Click in a frame to place the text in it.The text will be placed in the frame.