A security token is a hardware component that are used to identify and authenticate users.

Digital certificates function is similar to the functions of identification cards such as passports and driving licenses. Digital certificates are issued by recognized certification Authorities (CA).

Ransomware: Ransomware is a type of malware that usually encrypt all the files in a target's computer and threatens to publish the critical data unless a ransom (money) is paid.

Tampering refers to data alteration. E-Commerce has the problem of the authenticity and integrity of business information.

A digital signature is a mechanism that is used to verify that a particular digital document, message or transaction is authentic.

Cyber Squatting is the illegal practice of registering an Internet domain name that might be wanted by another person in an intention to sell it later for a profit. It involves the registering of popular trademarks and trade names as domain names before the particular company do. Cyber squatters also involve in trading on the reputation and goodwill of such third parties by inducing a customer to believe that it is an official web page.

E-Commerce security is a set of protocols that safely guide E-Commerce transactions through the Internet.