4G was based on an adhoc networking model, where there was no need for a fixed infrastructure operation. Adhoc networking requires global mobility features and connectivity to a global IPV6 network to support an IP address for each mobile device.

SIM stands for (subscriber Identity Module) technology to authenticate a user for identification and billing purposes and to encrypt the data to prevent listen without permission.

The mobile system were based on analog transmission. NMT stands for Nordic Mobile Telephone communication. They had a very low traffic density of one call per radio channel and a very poor voice quality, and they used unsure and unencrypted transmission, which leads to the spoofing of its identities.

The generations of mobile networks are as follows :
(i) First Generation (1G) 1981- NMT launch
(ii) Second Generation (2G) 1991-GSM Launch
(iii) Second to Third Generation Bridge (2.5) 2000 - GPRS launch
(iv) Third Generation (3G) 2003
(v) Fourth Generation (4G) 2007
(vi) Fifth Generation (5G) 2019+

Network protocols is that the usual procedures, rules formal standards and policies comprised of formats which allocates communication between more than one device which connected to the network. Network protocols have to do end to process to secure on time and manage data or network communication.

(i) Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity.
(ii) It is a wireless network technology that permits computers and alternative devices to be connected to every alternative into a local area network and to the net without wires and cables .
(iii) Wi-Fi is additionally stated as wireless local area network that stands for wireless local area network, and 802.11, that is that the technical code for the protocol.

(i) GPRS was introduced here, it is seen as an excess period of mobile networking development, between 2G and 3G.
(ii) GPRS is a data service which enables mobile devices to send and receive messages, picture messages, and e-mails.
(iii) It allows most popular operating speeds of up to 115kbit/s, latterly maximum of 384kbit/s by using EDGE

(i) They had a very low traffic density of one call per radio channel,
(ii) A very poor voice quality.
(iii) They used unsure and unencrypted transmission, which leads to the spoofing of its identities

(i) TCP/IP is a combination of two protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). .
(ii) The Internet Protocol typically specifies the logistics of the packets that are sent out over networks; it specifies the packets which have to go, where to go and how to get there.
(iii) The Transmission Control Protocol is accountable for guaranteeing the trustworthy transmission of data. It sees that the packets for errors and submits tile requests for re-transmissions in case any of them are missing.

(i) First Generation(1G) 1981, NMT Launch
(ii) Second Generation(2G) 1991-GSM Launch
(iii) Second to Third, Generation Bridge(2.S)2000 - GPRC Launch
(iv)Third Generation( 3G) 2003- UK 3G Launch
(v) Fourth Generation (4G) 2007
(vi) Fifth Generation (5G) 2019+

(i) Customer communications
(ii) Online education/ training
(iii) Account status enquiry
(iv) Inventory enquiry
(v) Online discussion
(vi) Supply - chain management
(vii) Order status enquiry
(viii) Warranty registration
(ix) Claims
(x) Distributor promotions

1. Sharing of company policies/rules and regulations
2. Access employee database
3. Distribution of circulars/ Office Orders
4. Access product and customer data
5. Sharing of information of common interest
6. Launching of personal departmental home pages
7. Submission of reports
8. Corporate telephone directories.

1. Download programs and files
2. Social media
3. E-Mail
4. E-Banking
5. Audio and Video Conferencing
6. E-Commerce
7. File Sharing
8. E-Governance
9. Information browsing
10. Search the web addresses for access through a search engine
11. Chatting.

(i) Network communication protocols are that the Basic data communication protocols which specific as HTTP and TCP/IP.
(ii) Network security protocols ate that which implement security over network communications and include HTTP, SFTP and SSL.
(iii) Network management protocols will Proviue network governance and maintenance and include ICMP and SNMP.

(i)  Li-Fi is the short form of Light Fidelity.
(ii) Li-Fi is a wireless technology which uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission whereas Wi-Fi uses radio frequencies for data transmission.