(i) Commit: Saves any transaction into the database permanently.
(ii) Roll back: Restores the database to last commit state.
(iii) Save point: Temporarily save a transaction so that you can rollback.

WAMP stands for "Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP" It is often used for web development and internal testing, but may be also be used to serve live websites.

(i) Once you define a string, python allocate an index value for its each character.
(ii) These index values are otherwise called as subscript which are used to access and manipulate the strings. The subscript can be positive or negative integer numbers.

(i) Data are raw facts stored in a computer. A data may contain any character, text, word or a number.
(ii) Information is formatted data, which allows to be utilized in a significant way.

(i) Database is a repository collection of related data organized in a way that data can be easily accessed, managed and updated.
(ii) Database can be a soft ware or hardware based, with one sole purpose of storing data.

def function_name(*args):
function_body
return_statement

A block is one or more lines of code, grouped together so that they are treated as one big sequence of statements while execution.

Matplotlib installed using pip. Pip is a management software for installing python packages.

Box plot: The box plot is a standardized way of displaying the distribution of data based on the five number summary: minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.

Execute (sql[, parameters]) :
(i) Executes a single SQL statement. The SQL statement may be parameterized (i.e. placeholders instead of SQL literals).
(ii) The SQlite3 module supports two kinds of placeholders: question marks? ("qmark style") and named placeholders: name ("named style").

The reason behind the triple quotes is sometime the values in the table might contain single or double quotes.

(i) os.system ('g++' + <varaiable_name1>'-<mode>' + <Variable_name2>
(ii) <opts>,<args>=getopt.getopt(argv, options, [long_options])

(i) A static typed language like C++ requires the programmer to explicitly tell the computer what "data type" each data value is going to use.
(ii) A dynamic typed language like Python, doesn't require the data type to be given explicitly for the data. Python manipulate the variable based on the type of value.

Python class function or method is very similar to ordinary function with a small difference. The class method must have the first argument  named as self.

(i) Object - name = class_name ()
(ll) Object - name = class_member

a = int (input("Enter any number :"))
x="even" if a%2==0 else "odd"
print (a, "is",x)
Output 1:
Enter any number  3
3 is odd
Output 2:
Enter any number: 22 
22 is even

Making some changes in the data of the existing file or adding more data is called modification.

A CSV is known as flat file because files in the CSV format can be imported to and exported from programs that store data in tables, such as Microsoft Excel or OpenOfficeCalc

Syntax:
for index_var in list:
print (index_ var)

Python programming language has four collections of data types such as List, Tuples, Set and Dictionary.

(i) Analysis of an algorithm usually deals with the running and execution time of various operations involved.
(ii) The running time of an operation is calculated as how many programming instructions is executed per operation

An algorithm that yields expected output for a valid input is called an algorithmic solution

(i) New line
(ii) Tab

(i) False
(ii) true
(iii) 1
(iv) true.

The output of the program
7
10

Variable are addresses (references, or pointers, to an object in memory

(i) A pair is a compound data type that holds two other pieces of data. The two ways of representing the pair data type.
(ii) The first way is using List construct and the second way to implement pairs is with the tuple construct.

(i) There can be different ways to implement an ADT, for example, the, List ADT can be implemented using singly linked list or doubly linked list.
(ii) Similarly, stack ADT and Queue ADT can be implemented using lists

let y: = 0
(int) inc (int) x
y: =y+x;
return (y)

A function definition which call itself is called recursive function.

(i) Charts
(ii) Tables
(iii) Graphs
(iv) Maps
(v) Infographics
(vi) Dashboards

To populate the table "INSERT" command is passed to SQLite."execute" method executes the SQL command to perform some action.
Example:
Sql_command =" " INSERT INTO student (Rollno, Sname, Grade, Gender, Average, birth_date) values (NULL, "Akshay", "B", "M", "87.8", "2001-12-12");" " cursor.execute(sql_command)

Users of database can be human users or programmers, other programs or applications.

Modular programming is a software design technique to split our code into separate parts. These parts are called modules. The focus for this separation should have modules with no or just few dependencies upon other modules.

To sort by more than one column you can use itemgetter with multiple indices:
operator.itemgetter 
Example:
sortedlist = sorted (data, key = operator. itemgetter(1))

The default is reading in text mode. In this mode, while reading from the file the data would be in the format of strings.

SELECT * FROM Student WHERE Age <= 18 ORDER BY Name;
 

Database normalization was first proposed by Dr.Edgar F Codd as an integral part of RDBMS in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. These rules are known as E FCodd Rules.

Once a class is created, next to create an object or instance of that class. This process of creating object is called as "Class Instantiation".

4

(i) String is a data type in python, which is used to handle array of characters.
(ii) String is a sequence of Unicode characters that may be a combination of letters, numbers, or special symbols enclosed within single, double or even triple quotes.
(iii) Example :
Welcome to learning Python"
"Welcome to learning Python"
""Welcome to learning Python""

(i) Python stops calling recursive function after 1000 calls by default. 
(ii) So, it also allows you to change the limit using sys.setrecursionlimit (limit_value).
Example:
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(3000)
def fact(n):
         if n == 0:
         return 1
         else:
         return n * fact(n-1)
print(fact (2000))

(i) User defined functions.
(ii) Built in functions.
(iii) Lambda functions.
(iv) Recursion functions.

Syntax:
if < condition >:
          statements-block 1
else:
          statements-block 2

There are three important control Structures
(i) Sequential
(ii) Alternative or Branching
(iii) Iterative or Looping

Pseudo code is an informal way of Programming language syntax.

An algorithm is a finite set of instructions to accomplish a particular task. It is a step-by-step procedure for solving a given problem.

Literal is a raw data given in a variable or constant. In Python, there are various types of literals.
1) Numeric Literals:
Numeric Literals consists of digits and are immutable.
2) String Literals:
In Python a string literal is a sequence of characters surrounded by quotes.
3) Boolean Literals:
A Boolean literal can have any of the two values: True or False.

(i) In Python, programs can be written in two namely Interactive mode and script mode.
(ii) Interactive mode allows us to write codes in Python command prompt (>>>).
(iii) Script mode is used to create and edit python source file.

Namespaces are containers for mapping names of variables to objects.
Example : a : =5
Here the variable 'a' is mapped to the value '5.

Scope should be used for a variable because; it limits a variables scope to a single definition. That is the variables are visible only to that part of the code. Essentially, variables are addresses to an object in memory. When you assign a variable with := to an instance (object), you're binding (or mapping) the variable to that instance. Multiple variables can be mapped to the same instance.

A function is a unit of code that is often defined within a greater code structure. Specifically, a function contains a set of code that works on many kinds of inputs, like variables, expressions and produces a concrete output.

(i) Subroutines are the basic building blocks of computer programs. Subroutines are small sections of code that are used to perform a particular task that can be used repeatedly.
(ii) In Programming languages these subroutines are called as Functions.