(i) Rectangle represents the entities.
(ii) Ellipse represents the attributes.
(iii) Diamond represents the relationship in ER diagrams.

Relational Algebra is a procedural query language used to query the database tables using SQL.

Information is formatted data, which allows to be utilized in a significant way.
Example:
SCERT DPI campus
College Road Chennai 600 006

Data are raw facts stored in a computer. A data may contain any character, text, word or a number.

A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically from a computer system.

(i) SELECT Operation (symbol : σ): The SELECT operation is used for selecting a subset with tuples according to a given condition.
(ii) PROJECT Operation (symbol: II): The projection eliminates all attributes of the input relation but those mentioned in the projection list. The projection method defines a relation that contains a vertical subset of Relation.

Database normalization was first proposed by Dr. Edgar F Codd as an integral part of RDBMS in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. These rules are known as E F Codd Rules.

SQL server, Oracle, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite.

DBMS Supports Transactions : It allows us to better handle and manage data integrity in real world applications where multi-threading is extensively used.

(i) Data are raw facts stored in a computer. A data may contain any character, text, word or a number.
(ii) Information is formatted data, which allows to be utilized in a significant way.

(i) Database is a repository collection of related data organized in a way that data can be easily accessed, managed and updated.
(ii) Database can be a soft ware or hardware based, with one sole purpose of storing data.