A module is a part of a program. Programs are composed of one or more independently developed modules

(i) Local scope
(ii) Enclosed scope
(iii) Global scope
(iv) Built-in scope

Variable are addresses (references, or pointers, to an object in memory

Namespaces are containers for mapping names of variables to objects.
Example : a : =5
Here the variable 'a' is mapped to the value '5.

The process of binding a variable name with an object is called mapping = (equal to sign) is used in programming languages to map the variable and object.

Scope refers to the visibility of variables, parameters and functions in one part of a program to another part of the same program.

Output:
Red, Blue, Green
Red, Blue
Red.
Seope f Variables :

(i) Access control is a security technique that regulates who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment.
(ii) It is a fundamental concept in security that minimizes risk to the object.
(iii) In other words access control is a selective restriction of access to data.
(iv) In object oriented programming languages is implemented through access modifiers.

(i) Local scope refers to variables defined in current function. Always, a function will first look up for a variable name in its local scope.
(ii) Only if it does not find it there, the outer scopes are checked.
(iii) Look at this example:

1. Disp(): 2. a:=7 3. print a 4. Disp()

Entire program

Output of the Program 7

(iv) On execution of the above code the variable a displays the value 7, because it is defined and available in the local scope.

(i) Less code to be written.
(ii) A single procedure can be developed for reuse, eliminating the need to retype the code many times.
(iii) Programs can be designed more easily because a small teana deals with only a
small part of the entire code.
(iv) Modular programming allowS many programmers to collaborate on the same
application.
(v) The code is stored across multiple files.
(vi) Code is short, sirnple and easy to understand.
(vii) Errors can easily be identified, as they are localized to a subroutine or function.
(viii) The same code can be used in man applications.
(ix) The scoping of variables can easily be controlled.

The following are the desirable characteristics of a module.
(i) Modules contain instructions, processing logic, and data.
(ii) Modules can be separately compiled and stored in a library.
(iii) Modules can be included in a program.
(iv) Module segments can be used by invoking a name and some parameters.
(v) Module segments can be used by other modules.

i and ii