There are only two sectors - household sector and firm sector.
(i) Household Sector
1. It supplies the factors of production and gets income from the firm sector
2. It buys goods and services with its entire income.
(ii) Firms:
1. It hires factors of production from the household sector.
2. It gets revenue by selling goods and services to the household sectors.
3. The production and sales are equal.
Y = C + I
Y is income
C is consumption
I is investment

(i) The means of production and properties are owned by private and public.
(ii) Public and Private Sectors co-exist private sectors are profit motivated and public sectors aims at maximum social welfare.
(iii) The national plans prepared by the central planning authority is accepted by all sectors.
(iv) Basic economic problems are solved through the price mechanism and state intervention.
(v) Though the private can own resources, produce and distribute goods and services, the overall control on the economic activities is with the government.

(i) Red tapism and bureaucracy since, approval of many officials is needed.
(ii) Absence of incentive and so productivity is less.
(iii) Limited freedom of choice in the consumption of goods and services.
(iv) The state takes all major decisions. There is concentration and misuse of power.

(i) Automatic working without any government intervention.
(ii) Efficient use of resources.
(iii) Incentives for hard work.
(iv) Production and productivity are high, so there is economic progress.
(v) Consumers sovereignty exist.
(vi) Increased saving and investment leads to higher capital formation.
(vii) Development of new technology.

Capitalism:
(i) The means of production are privately owned.
(ii) Manufacturers produce goods and services with profit motive.
(iii) Individual can take up any occupation and develop any skill. E.g. USA.
Socialism:
(i) All resources are owned and operated by the government.
(ii) Public welfare is the main motive.
(iii) There is equality in the distribution of income and wealth. E.g. China
Mixedism:
(i) Both private and public sectors co-exist and work together.
(ii) Resources are owned by individuals and the government. E.g. India

(i) Macro economics helps to understand the functioning of the economy at the aggregate level, to evolve strategies to solve the basic problems.
(ii) To understand the future problems, needs and challenges.
(iii) To provide opportunities to use scientific investigation to understand reality.
(iv) To make meaningful comparison and analysis of economic indicators. To predict the future and formulate suitable policies to avoid economic crises.