1. Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss.
2. Unwanted noise can damage physiological and psychological health. (eg) annoyance and aggression.
3. High noise level leads to cardiovascular problems and blood pressure.
4. Noise has a bad effect on animals, leading to even death. 
5. It creates hormone imbalance, chronic stress, panic, escape behavior and injury on wildlife and aquatic animals.

1. Poor urban planning cause more nuisances to city dwellers.
2. Sounds from motor vehicles cause temporary hearing loss.
3. Crackers create very loud noise and may cause deafness to children and aged.
4. Industrial noise by continuous operation of mills, machines and pneumatic drills is unbearable nuisance to the workers.

i. Atmospheric Noise:
Atmospheric noise or static is caused by lightning discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
ii. Industrial Noise:
Industrial noise refers to noise that is created in the factories. Sound becomes noise it becomes unwanted. Heavy industries like shipbuilding, iron, and steel have long been associated with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL).
iii. Man-made Noise:
The main sources of man-made noise pollution are ships, aircraft, seismic exploration, marine construction, drilling, and motor boats.

i. Solid waste:
It includes all kinds of rubbish like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, food, used cars, broken electronic goods, municipal waste, and hospital waste.
ii. Pesticides and Fertilizers:
Many farming activities engage in the application of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides for higher crop yield which pollute land.
iii. Deforestation:
Humans depend on trees for many things including life. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release Oxygen, which is needed for life. Forest helps replenish soils and help retain nutrients being washed away. Deforestation is led to land pollution.

a. Hearing Loss:
Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Older people are exposed to significant occupational noise and thereby reduced hearing sensitivity.
b. Damage Physiological and Psychological health:
Unwanted noise can damage physiological and psychological health. For example, annoyance and aggression, hypertension, and high-stress levels.
c. Cardiovascular effects:
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular problems and exposure to blood pressure.
d. Detrimental effect on animals and aquatic life:
Noise can have a detrimental effect on animals, increasing the risk of death.
e. Effects on wildlife and aquatic animals:
It creates hormone imbalance, chronic stress, panic and escapes behavior and injury.

i. Poor urban planning:
Improper urban planning will cause more nuisances among city travelers.
ii. Sounds from motor vehicles:
Sounds from motor vehicles can cause temporary hearing loss.
iii. Crackers:
Enormous Crackers are used during some occasions. Such activities create a very louder noise to the level of harming the public. Sometimes, they may even cause deafness to children and aged.
iv. Factory machinery:
The industrial noise caused by continuous operation of mills, machines and pneumatic drills, is an unbearable nuisance to the workers.

i. Atmospheric Noise:
Atmospheric noise or static is caused by lightning discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
ii. Industrial Noise:
Industrial noise refers to noise that is created in the factories. Sound becomes noise it becomes unwanted. Heavy industries like shipbuilding, iron, and steel have long been associated with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL).
iii. Man-made Noise:
The main sources of man-made noise pollution are ships, aircraft, seismic exploration, marine construction, drilling, and motor boats.

i. Surface water pollution:
Surface water includes natural water found on the earth’s surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons, and oceans. Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water can be called surface water pollution.
ii. Groundwater pollution:
Groundwater contamination occurs when a man- made products such as gasoline, oil, and chemicals get into the groundwater. In addition, untreated waste from septic tanks, toxic chemicals from underground storage tanks and leaky landfills contaminate groundwater.
iii. Microbiological pollution:
In many communities around the world, people drink untreated water (straight from a pond, river or stream). Sometimes there is natural pollution caused by micro-organisms like viruses and bacteria. This natural pollution causes both aquatic and human illness.
iv. Oxygen depletion pollution:
When oxygen levels in the water are depleted, relatively harmless aerobic microorganisms die and anaerobic micro-organisms begin to thrive. Some anaerobic microorganisms are harmful to people, animals, and the environment as they produce harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides.

(i) Surface water pollution:
Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water, dissolving or mixing. Physically with the water can be called surface water pollution.
(ii) Ground water pollution:
Ground water contamination occurs when man-made products such as gasoline, oil and chemical get into the ground water.
(iii) Microbiological pollution:
(1) Natural pollution caused by micro - organism like viruses and bacteria.
(2) This natural pollution causes both aquatic and human illness.

The introduction (directly or indirectly) of substances or energy into the marine environment (including, estuaries) result in deleterious effects to living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities.