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TN 12th Computer Applications மின்னணு செலுத்தல் முறைகள் Sample Question Papers Study Material - QB365 Set A

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TN 12th Computer Applications மின் - வணிகம் Sample Question Papers Study Material - QB365 Set A

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12th Standard English Medium Biology (Zoology) Subject Molecular Genetics Book Back 2 Mark Questions with Solution Part - I

Published on: 01/06/2021

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Std: 12th Standard - Biology

chapter: - Book back Questions

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Questions:

Generic 2

4 x 2 = 8

Mention any two ways in which single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) identified in human genome can bring revolutionary change in biological and medical science.

Differentiate - Template strand and coding strand.

Name the parts marked ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the given transcription unit:

Give reasons: ‘Genetic code is universal’.

Generic 3

1 x 3 = 3

Differentiate - Leading stand and lagging strand

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Answers Key:

Generic 2

4 x 2 = 8

There are 1.4 million locations where single base DNA differences (Called SNPs - Single Nucleotide Polymorphism - pronounce as snips) occurs in human's genome.
(i) By tracing human history
(ii) By finding chromosomal locations for disease associated sequences

Template Strand	Coding Strand
It is that strand of transcription unit upon which RNA ls transcribed in \(\text { 5' } \rightarrow 3^{\prime}\) direction.	It is that strand of transcription unit having the same base sequence as that of the transcription mRNA (transcript) from the template strain.
It has \(3^{\prime} \rightarrow 5^{\prime}\) polarity	It has \(\text { 5' } \rightarrow 3^{\prime}\) polarity

A - \(5^{\prime} \rightarrow 3^{\prime}\) is called a coding strand.
B - \(3^{\prime} \rightarrow 5^{\prime}\) is called a template strand.

1. The genetic code is universal. It means that all known living systems use nucleic acids and the same three base codons (triplet codon) direct the synthesis of protein from amino acids. E.g, mRNA ,(UUU) codon codes for phenylalanine in all cells of all organisms.
2. Some exceptions are reported in prokaryotic, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. However similarities are more common than differences.

Generic 3

1 x 3 = 3

During DNA replication, One acts as the leading strand and the other is the lagging strand.

Leading Strand	Lagging Strand
lt is continuously formed as replicated strand of DNA without any gap	It is replicated strand of DNA which is formed by the joining of short segments called okazaki segment
The growth of leading strand is in 5^' → 3^'direction	Each okazaki segment grows in 5^' → 3^'direction but the growth of the lagging strand is in 5^' → 3^'direction.
lt does not require DNA ligase for its growth and used in PCR	DNA ligase is required for the formation of lagging strand from okazaki segments