(a) Stimulants - Eg.: Nicotine
(b) Analgesic - Eg.: Opium
(c) Hallucinogens - Phencyclidine

(a) Gypsy moth -ZW - ZZ type (ZW-females, ZZ - males)
(b) Human beings - XX - XY type (XX-females, XY - males)
(c) Butterflies - ZO - ZZ type (ZO-females, ZZ - males)

(i) It is a disease caused by a recessive X -linked gene.
(ii) If a normal female marries a colour blind male or vice versa, the gene is carried in the X - chromosome of the female (female has 2 X Chromosomes).
(iii) If both the chromosomes carry the receive gene she becomes colour blind.
(iv) If one X chromosome caries the recessive gene she may not suffer from the disease but will be a carrier carrying the gene to the next generation.
(v) Haemophilia follows the characteristics criss - cross pattern of inheritance.
(vi) The females are carriers of the disease and world transmit the disease to 50% of their son's even if a male parent is normal.

(i) If the mother is Rh negative and foetus is Rh positive, anti D antibodies should be administered to the mother at 28th and 34th week of gestation as a prophylactic measure.
(ii) If the Rh negative mother delivers Rh positive child then anti D antibodies should be administered to the mother soon after delivery.
(iii) This develops passive immunity and prevents the formation of anti D antibodies in the mothers blood by destroying the Rh foetal RBC before the mother's immune system is sensitized.
(iv) This has to be done whenever the woman attains pregnancy.

People with AB blood group have both 'A' antigen and B antigen in their RBCs. Therefore they can receive blood from 'A' group, 'B' group or 'O' group individuals their blood will not produce antibodies against any of them. Therefore people with 'AB' blood group are called as universal recipients.