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Published on: 23/06/2021
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1.
The rate of increase in the cost Cof ordering holding as the size q of the order increases is given by the differential equation \(\frac { dc }{ dq } =\frac { { c }^{ 2 }+2cq }{ { q }^{ 2 } } \). Find the relationship between c and q if c = 1 when q = 1.
2.
Solve: (D2 + 14D + 49)y = e-7x + 4.
3.
Solve: (y-x)\(\frac { dy }{ dx } \) = a2
4.
Solve: x2\(\frac { dy }{ dx } \) = y2+2xy given that y = 1, when x = 1
5.
Solve: \(\frac { dy }{ dx } \) = sin(x + y)
1.
Given \(\frac { dc }{ dq } =\frac { { c }^{ 2 }+2cq }{ { q }^{ 2 } } \)
This is a homogeneous equation in e and q of order 2
∴ Put c = vq and \(\frac { dc }{ dq } =v+q\frac { dv }{ dq } \)
∴ v + q\(\frac { dv }{ dq } \) = v2a2 + 2vq0q =\(\frac { { q }^{ 2 }({ v }^{ 2 }+2v) }{ { q }^{ 2 } } \)v2+2vv
q\(\frac { dv }{ dq } \) = v2+2v-v = v2+v
Separating the variables we get,
\(\frac { dv }{ v+v } =\frac { dq }{ q } \)
Integrating \(\int { \frac { dv }{ v(v+1) } } =\int { \frac { dq }{ q } } \)
[ \(\frac { 1 }{ v(v+1) } =\frac { A }{ v } +\frac { B }{ v+1 } \)
⇒ 1 = A(v+1)+B
put v = -1
1 = -B ⇒ B = -1
put v = 0
⇒ 1 = A ]
\(\int { \left( \frac { 1 }{ v } -\frac { 1 }{ v+1 } \right) dv } =\int { \frac { dq }{ q } } \)
⇒ log v -log (v + 1) = log q + log k
⇒ log\(\frac { v }{ v+1 } \) = logq.k
⇒ \(\frac { v }{ v+1 } \) = q.k
Replacing v by \(\frac { c }{ q } \), we get
\(\frac { c/q }{ c/q+1 } \) = q.k
⇒ \(\frac { c }{ c+q } \) = kq
⇒ c = kq(c+q) .....(1)
Given when c = 1 and q = 1
⇒ 1 = k(1) (1+1) ⇒ 1 = 2 k ⇒ k = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
∴ (1) ⇒ c = \(\frac{q}{2}\)(c+q)
∴ ⇒ 2c = q(c+q)
2.
The auxilary equation is m2 + 14m + 49 = 0
⇒ (m + 7)2 = 0
⇒ m = -7, -7
The roots are real and equal
∴ CF is (Ax+ B) e-7x
[∴ (D-7)2 = 0, when D = 7]
PI1 = \(\frac { e^{ -7x } }{ (D-7)^{ 2 } } =\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } \).e-7x
PI2 = \(\frac { 4.{ e }^{ 0x } }{ (D-7)(D-7) } =\frac { 4.e^{ 0x } }{ (0-7)(0-7) } =\frac { 4 }{ 49 } \)
∴ The general solution is y = CF + PI1 + PI2
⇒ y = (Ax+B)e-7x + \(\frac { { x }^{ 2 } }{ 2 } e^{ -7x }+\frac { 4 }{ 49 } \).
3.
(y-x)\(\frac { dy }{ dx } \) = a2
⇒ \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =\frac { { a }^{ 2 } }{ y-x } \Rightarrow \frac { dx }{ dy } =\frac { y-x }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \)
⇒ \(\frac { dx }{ dy } =\frac { y }{ { a }^{ 2 } } -\frac { x }{ a^{ 2 } } \)
⇒ \(\frac { dx }{ dy } +\frac { x }{ { a }^{ 2 } } =\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \)
This is of the form \(\frac { dx }{ dy } \)+Px = Q
where P = \(\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \) and Q = \(\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \)y
∴ \(\int { P } dy=\int { \frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } dy } =\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \)
I.F = \(e^{ \int { pdy } }=e^{ y/{ a }^{ 2 } }\)
∴ The solution is \(\int { x. } e^{ \int { pdy } }=\int { Q.e^{ \int { pdy } } } dy\)
⇒ x.ey/a2 =\(\int { \frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } y } \) ey/a2dy+C....(1)
Put \(\frac { 1 }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \)y = t ⇒ dy = a2dt
[∵ u = t; d = et]
u1= 1; v = et
v1 = et
\(\int { u } dv\) = uv-u1v1]
∴ (1) ⇒ x.ey/a2 = a2\(\int { te^{ t } } \)dt
= a2[tet-et]+C
\(xe^{ \frac { y }{ { a }^{ 2 } } }\) = a2.et(t-1)+C
\(xe^{ \frac { y }{ { a }^{ 2 } } }=a^{ 2 }.e^{ \frac { y }{ { a }^{ 2 } } }\left( \frac { y }{ { a }^{ 3 } } -1 \right) \) [∵ t = \(\frac { y }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \)]
4.
Given x2\(\frac { dy }{ dx } \)= y2+2xy
⇒ \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =\frac { { y }^{ 2 }+2xy }{ x^{ 2 } } \)
The numerator and denominator are homogeneous function of degree
∴ put y = vx and \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =v+x\frac { dv }{ dx } \)

= v2+2v
⇒ v + x\(\frac { dv }{ dx } \) = v2+ 2v
⇒ x\(\frac { dv }{ dx } \) = v2+ 2v-v = v2+ v
Separating the variables,
\(\frac { dv }{ { v }^{ 2 }+v } =\frac { dx }{ x } \Rightarrow \frac { dv }{ v(v+1) } =\frac { dx }{ x } \)
[\(\frac { 1 }{ v(v+1) } =\frac { A }{ v } +\frac { B }{ v+1 } \)
1 = A(v+1)+Bv
put v = -1
1 = -B
put v = 0
1 = A
∴ \(\left( \frac { 1 }{ v } +\frac { 1 }{ v+v } \right) dv=\frac { dx }{ x } \)
Integrating
\(\int { \frac { dv }{ v } } -\int { \frac { dv }{ v+1 } } =\int { \frac { dx }{ x } } \)
⇒ log v - log (v + 1) - log x + log c
⇒ log\(\left( \frac { v }{ v+1 } \right) \)= log(xc)
⇒ \(\frac { v }{ v+1 } \)
Replacing v by \(\frac { y }{ x } \) we get,
\(\frac { \frac { y }{ x } }{ \frac { y }{ x } +1 } =xc\Rightarrow \frac { \frac { y }{ x } }{ \frac { x+y }{ x } } \) = xc
⇒ \(\frac { y }{ x+y } \) = xc
⇒ y = cx(x+y) ....(1)
Given, when x = -1, y = 1
∴ 1 = c(1) (1+1) ⇒ = 2c ⇒ c = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
∴ (1) becomes, y = \(\frac { x }{ 2 } \)(x+y)
⇒ 2y = x(x+y)
5.
Given \(\frac { dy }{ dx } \) = sin(x+y)....(1)
put x + y = z
⇒ 1 + \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =\frac { dz }{ dx } \)
⇒ \(\frac { dy }{ dx } =\frac { dz }{ dx } \)-1
∴ (1) becomes, \(\frac { dz }{ dx } \)-1 = sin z
⇒ \(\frac { dz }{ dx } \)= 1 + sin z
Separating the variables we get
\(\\ \frac { dz }{ 1+sinz } \) = dx
Multiplying & dividing by (1 + sin z) we get,
\(\\ \frac { (1+sinx)dz }{ (1+sinz)(1-sinz) } \) = dx
⇒ \(\frac { (1+sinz)dz }{ 1-sin^{ 2 }z } \) = dx
⇒ \(\frac { (1+sinz) }{ cos^{ 2 }z } \)dz = dx [∵ sin2x + cos2x = 1]
⇒ \(\left( \frac { 1 }{ cos^{ 2 }z } +\frac { sinz }{ cos^{ 2 }z } \right) \)dz = dx
⇒ (sec2z + tanz secz)dz = dx
Integrating \(\int { sec^{ 2 } } zdz+\int { tanz } \)secz dz =\(\int { dx } \)
⇒ tanz - sec z = x + C
⇒ tan(x + y) - sec(x + y) = x + C [∵ z = x + y]
12th Standard Syllabus & Materials
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Tamilnadu Stateboard 12th Standard Subjects

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Biology

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Computer Applications

Computer Science

Business Maths and Statistics

Commerce

Economics

Maths

Chemistry

Physics

Computer Technology

History

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Tamil

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Tamilnadu Stateboard Standards