Title	A Nice Cup of Tea
Author	George Orwell
Theme	Distinctive features of preparing a cup of tea

It is better to know the best way of doing things.

The first impressions from reading George Orwell's essay "A Nice Cup of Tea" inciude Orwell explaining the correct ways of handling the essences of drinking tea. According to him there are eleven points to follow to prepare a nice cup of tea. First of all one should select Indian or Ceylonese tea. Secondly, tea should be made in teapot in small quantities. The teapot should be made of China or earthenware. Thirdly the pot should be warmed beforehand keeping it on the hob. Fourthly, to make strong tea we should take six heaped teaspoons of tea. Fifthly, the tea should be put straight into the pot without using strainers or muslin bags. Sixthly, the teapot should be taken to the kettle and not the other way about. The water should be actually boiling at the time tea is dropped inside. Seventhly, after making the tea, one should stir it or give the pot a good shake. Afterwards tea leaves can be allowed to settle. Eighthly, one should use the cylindrical type of cup which will keep the heat longer. Ninthly cream should be removed from the milk before using it for tea. Tenthly, one should pour the tea into the cup first. But some people pour milk first. If the milk is added second, one could regulate the amount of milk. Lastly, tea should be drunk without sugar.

Perfection is the art of a purist.

Title	Two Gentlemen of Verona
Author	A.J. Cronin
Theme	Selfless sacrifice of siblings

They shined shoes, sold fruit, hawked newspapers, conducted tourists round the town, and ran errands

The narrator was driving through the foothills of the Alps along with his companion. While driving on the outskirts of Verona, two young boys who sold wild strawberries stopped their car. The small boys appeared to be quite shabby. The boys were brothers. The elder one aged 13 was Nicola, and the younger brother, aged 12, was Jacopo, The narrator and his companion bought the biggest basket of strawberries from the boys. Later, they came to know that the boys did many kinds of job to earn money. During the time of their stay in the town, the two young boys turned out to be very helpful to the visitors. The boys earned money but they spent only a little. The boys earned the money to cure their sister who was hospitalised for tuberculosis. They had a decent life before the war and the war made them orphans but they had been trying their best to make the payments regularly to the hospital. The narrator drove them back in silence.

There is no greater agony than bearing are untold story inside you.

Stephen William Hawkings was born on 8th January 1942 (exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. His parents' house was in North London but during the Second World War Oxford was considered a safer place to have babies. When he was eight his family moved to St. Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. At the age 'of eleven, Stephen went to St. Albans School and then on to University College, Oxford (1952) Stephen William Hawking (1942 - 2018) was the former Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and author of A Brief History of Time which is an international bestseller. He was the Dennis Stanton Avery and Sally Tsui Wong-Avery Director of Research at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and Founder of the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at Cambridge. His other books for the general reader include A Brief History of Time, the essay collection Black Holes and Baby Universe and The Universe in a Nutshell.
In 1963, Hawkings contracted motor neurone disease and was given two years to live. Yet he went on to Cambridge to become a brilliant researcher and Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. From 1979 to 2009 he held the post of Lucasian Professor at Cambridge, the chair held by Isaac Newton in 1663. Professor Hawking received over a dozen honorary degrees and was awarded the CBE in 1982. He was a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the US National Academy of Science. Stephen Hawking is regarded as one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists since Einstein.

Title	In Celebration of Being Alive
Author	Dr.Christiaan Barnard
Theme	The business of living is the celebration of bong alive

You don't become a better peson because you ne sullering; but you become a better person because you have experienced suffering

Dr. Christiaan Barnard, a South African surgeon, designed artificial heart valves, and wrote extensively on the subject. In this essay Dr. Barnard ruminates on why people suffer. The two boys - one blind and another one with one arm - played with an unattended trolley. It was a casual incident in any hospital. But it changed Dr. Barnard's view on life. It taught him a new dimension of life. Dr. Barnard had a distorted view of suffering. In spite of being disabled, the boys provided a lot of entertainment to the patients of the hospital. He learnt that suffering is necessary, and being alive is important. He also learnt that the business of living Is the celebration of being alive. Dr. Barnard came to understand that the experience of suffering makes a person a better one. One can't appreciate light if he has not known darkness. Similarly warmth can be appreciated if one has experienced biting cold. The two children have shown Dr. Barnard that what you have been with left is more important than what you have lost.

The most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or touched. They must be felt with the heart.

Title	A Nice Cup of Tea
Author	George Orwell
Theme	Perfect preparation of Tea with all essences

One should drink out of a good breakfast cup that is, the cylindrical type of cup, not the flat, shallow type.

The first impressions from reading George Orwell's essay "A Nice Cup of Tea" include Orwel explaining the correct ways of handling the essence of drinking tea. The speaker guides the reader through instructions on how to prepare and drink tea and then talks about many of the fauspe Currently are doing when drinking their tea. The title of the essay directly refers to the essay s content as well as the idiom which means that something suits someone nicely such as how elegant describes tea in general. There are some points which are humorous. His description of the selection or teapot is one such point. Moreover selection of cup and pouring tea before milk are humorous. All true not only like their tea strong but like it a little stronger with each year that passes -a fact which is recognized in the extra ration issued to old-age pensioners. The last point of taking tea without milk contributes to humour in the essay.

A good sense of humour is an escape valve for the pressure of life.

Title	A Nice Cup of Tea
Author	George Orwell
Theme	Perfect preparation of Tea with all essences

There are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.

The first impressions from reading George Orwell's essay "A Nice Cup of Tea" include Orwell explaining the correct ways of handling the essence of drinking tea, The speaker guides the reader through instructions on how to prepare and drink tea and then talks about many of the faults people currently are doing when drinking their tea. The title of the essay directly refers to the essay's content as well as the idiom which means that something suits someone nicely such as how elegant Orwell describes tea in general. The central meaning within this essay relates to methods of preparing the perfect cup of tea. It is mostly about the author's personal opinion connected with the factual points. Out of eleven points some are accepted factual points and some are his personal opinion. Selection of tea is his opinions. Second point about the teapot seems to be his opinion. Whether to pour tea first or milk first is also his opinion.

If you fuel your journey on the opinions of others, you are going to run out of gas.

Title	Two Gentlemen of Verona
Author	A.J. Cronin
Theme	Supreme sacrifice of two boys for their suffering sister

Age does not defme your maturity

Taken from the early play by William Shakespeare, the title of this story 'Two Gentlemen of Verona' is gripping. The story is about how two sincere and selfless young boys face hardships for the treatment of their sister suffering from tuberculosis. It conveys the message that as long as people are willing to make sacrifices for the well-being of others, there is hope for humanity. A. J. Cronin wrote this memoir after visiting Verona. The short story's title has been inspired by a popular Shakespeare's play. Nevertheless, the main idea of the author is to underline the virtues that make a man a real man. The story captures the sentiment that true humanity is not about letting go, and it is about courage and determination. The two young gentlemen of Verona face their difficulties head on without a single complaint. Though the heroes of this short story are two boys of the age 13 and 12 their behavior suits that of the grown up men. Their composed life tells the readers they have all -,the qualities of gentlemen. So the title 'Two Gentlemen of Verona' is very apt for this short story.

A gentleman inspires others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more

Title	Two Gentlemen of Verona
Author	A.J. Cronin
Theme	Supreme sacrifice of two boys for their suffering sister

Sacrifte we make for others and that others make for us, result in blessings for all.

The narrator was driving through the foothills of the Alps along with his companion. While driving on the outskirts of Verona, two young boys who were selling wild strawberries stopped their car. The small boys appeared to be quite shabby, and the driver was not keen on buying strawberries from them. Then the narrator's companion got to know that the boys were brothers. The elder one aged 13 was Nicola, and the younger brother, aged 12, was Jacopo. Then the narrator came to know that the boys did many jobs to earn money. They shoe shined, guided the tourists and sold newspapers. Before the War they had a very comfortable life but the war devastated their life. They lost their father and their house. They were thrown into the streets and suffered from starvation and severe 'cold. Because of this, tuberculosis affected their sister Lucia. They admitted her in a posh hospital for treatment. They had to pay the hospital bill every week. Their love for their sister was the driving force that made the boys do various jobs.

Never stop ghting until you arrive at your destined place.

1. As he did not receive any bribery his conscience is clear.
2. He is conscious of the mistake he committed.

1. He is eligible to enter the university.
2. His handwriting is illegible so we cannot read the letter.

start flying; remove clothing
The flight took off at the right time.
As soon as I reached my house I took off my coat.

stop something burning
The firefighters put out the fire.

From
Rajkumar S,
34, II Cross Street, NSN Colony,
Virodhunagar.
July 15, 2019.
To
The Manager,
AZ Company, Market Street
Virudhunagar.
Sir,
         I bought a juicer from your shop on 13th July 2019. Now I have found out that it is very defective and I cannot use it at all. The actual problem is in its motor. So I want to exchange this for a new piece.
The following are the details about the juicer bought by me.
Date of purchase - July 13, 2019
Receipt No. - J 92340
Model - 45562
Warranty - one year
Please do the needful to exchange the juicer.
Thank you.
Yours faithfully,
Rajkumar.

a) Srivatasav is the sender of the letter.
b) The editor of a daily is the receiver.
c) Motorcycle racing is the issue.
d) The request of the sender to the authorities concerned is to take appropriate measures to put an end to the motorcycle racing.
e) The traffic police will take steps after reading it.

Poem	Our Casuarina Tree
Poet	Toru Dutt
Theme	Fond memories about the tree

But not because of Its magnificence Dear is the Casuarina to my soul: Beneath it we have played; though years may roll,

Toru Dutt begins the poem, 'Our Casuarina Tree' with the description of the tree. The casuarina tree is tall and strong, with a creeper winding around it like a python. The tree stands like a giant with a colourful scarf of flowers. Birds surround the garden and the sweet song of the birds is heard. The poet is delighted to see the casuarina tree through her casement. She sees a gray monkey sitting like a statue on top of the tree, the cows grazing and the water lilies springing in the pond. The poet feels that the tree is dear to her not for its gallant appearance but for the nostalgic memories of her happy childhood that it brings to her. She strongly believes that nature communicates with human beings. The poet could communicate with the tree even when she is in a far-off land as she could hear the tree lamenting her absence. The poet consecrates the tree's memory to her loved ones who are not alive. She immortalizes the tree through her poem like the poet Wordsworth who sanctified the yew tree of Borrowdale in verse. She expresses her wish that the tree should be remembered out of love and not just because it cannot be forgotten.

The best friend on earth ofman is tree. When we use the treë respectfully and economically we have one of the greatest resources on the earth.

Poem	The Castle
Poet	Edwin Muir
Theme	Avarice for gold annihilates glories

Edwin Muir, in his poem, 'The Castle', describes the confidence of the soldiers in the .beginning and the treacherous act of one warder which led to the fall of the castle. It is written in the form of a monologue. Throughout the summer season the enemy was trying to take over the castle. But the soldiers were watching the movements of the enemy from their defensive wall. They had enough provisions and more arms and other amenities. Their gates were very strong and their walls were very thick so no one could enter the castle .. The soldier was confident that no one could bribe them to open the gates because he thought that the captain was brave and the soldiers were true to their profession. But they were cheated by a warder who opened the gate for the enemy to enter the castle. They lost the castle without any groan. The famous castle was overthrown. No one can narrate this tale without shame. They could do nothing as they were sold out to the enemy. Their only enemy was gold and they had no weapon to fight against gold.

Poem	All the World's a stage
Poet	William shakespeare
Theme	Man plays seven roles in the life of drama

All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players;

In the beginning of the poem Shakespeare brings out the imagery of a drama stage and he compares the world to the stage. As needed for a drama stage he introduces exits and entrances. In a drama an actor has particular time to enter and exit. In the same way man enters this world through his birth and exits from this world through his death. In a drama different actors play different roles on the stage. But in the world a single man plays different roles at different periods of time of his life. The poet introduces him as an infant and takes him through different roles leading to the final stage of death. As the actors on the stage have their own script to act, man has a separate script to act in his different stages. As an infant he has a particular script and as an old man he has another script. Shakespeare divides the whole life of man into seven stages and he has given seven roles to him to play in the drama of life.

You only Ilive once, but if you do it right, once is enough - Mae West

Poem	Our Casuarina Tree
Poet	Toru Dutt
Theme	Fond memories about the tree

And to their pastures wend our sleepy cOWs; 78 And in the shadow, on the broad tank cast by that hoar tree, so beautiful and vast

Toru Dutt begins the poem, 'Our Casuarina Tree' with the description of the tree. The poet says that the creeper has wound itself around the rugged trunk of the casuarina tree, like a huge Python. The creeper has left deep marks on the trunk of the tree. The tree is so strong that it bears the tight hold of the creeper. The tree is described as being gallant, and possibly brave, as very few trees could survive in the strangle-hold of this creeper. Toru Dutt says that it is not because of the majestic appearance of the casuarina tree that it is dear to her heart and soul, but also that she along with her siblings spent happy moments under it. Toru Dutt has brought out the theme of nature as something that shares feeling with humans that lightens the burden on the heart. The poet continues with a description of how strong the image of the tree is, even when in lands far away.

"In nature, everything is perfect in its own way. Trees can be contorted, bent in weird ways, and they're still beautiful."

Poem	The Castle
Poet	Edwin Muir
Theme	Money makes many things

No clever trick Could take us dead or quick, Only a bird could have got in.

Edwin Muir, in his poem 'The Castle', describes the confidence of the soldiers in the beginning and the treacherous act of one warder which led to the fall of the castle. It is written in the form of a monologue. The whole narration is done by a soldier. In the III stanza the poet describes the strength of the castle. Their gates were very strong and their walls were very thick so no one could enter the castle. Only a bird could fly over the wall and reach the castle. The soldier was confident that no one could bribe them to open the gates because he thought that the captain was brave and the soldiers were true to their profession. In the second part of the IV stanza the poet gives a totally different picture. In the first part the poet asks who could give them a bait. The mood changes in the second part. Because they were cheated by a warder who opened the gate for the enemy to enter the castle.

The famous citadel overthrown And all its secret galleries bare.

i. 'coming closer'.
ii. These lines convey that the friendly armies are coming to help them.

i. The second stage, the school boy is being referred to here by the poet.
ii. In this stage the boy goes to school with his bag.
iii. The boy goes to school with his bag unwillingly. He moves towards the school as slowly as a snail.
iv. Simile is employed in the second line.

i) The poet means that the tree should not be forgotten.
ii) 'Fain' means eager. The poet is eager to make the tree holy.
iii) The poet hopes that the memory of this tree will live on in her poem as the memory of trees celebrated by Wordsworth has lived on in that poet's work.

i) The castle was very safe as its gates were strong and walls were very thick. The walls were so smooth and tall that no one could climb them.
ii) The firm belief of the soldiers was that no one could win them.

i) 'We' refers to the soldiers
ii) The soldiers spent the summer days watching the mowers and the enemies
iii) They could watch from the turret wall mowers in the hay and the enemies who were half a mile away.

Yes I am in the second stage of Shakespeare's division of man's life. As it is said in the poem in
the beginning of my career as a student I too had the same problem. Now I am out of the trouble. Now I love to come to school. What I learn from here is going to be the basis for my future life. I have to fulfill the responsibilities which this stage has. I have to come to school regularly. I should take my classes very seriously. A part from the lessons I have to develop many of my skills. I should use this opportunity to have a positive attitude. I should utilize all the opportunities given by the school.

Reference:
This line is taken from 'The Castle' written by Edwin Muir.
Context:
The poet says why and how they lost the battle.
Explanation :
The soldiers were very confident that no one could even come near them. They had enough arms with them. Food for the soldiers and others was plentiful. They had strong gates and high polished wall. No one could enter the castle. But they had a private gate which was opened to the enemies by a warder who got gold from them.

Reference :
This line is taken from 'The Castle' written by Edwin Muir.
Context:
The poet utters these words when he wants to express that the soldiers did not lack anything to defend their castle.
Explanation :
The soldiers were very confident that no one could even come near them. They had enough provisions and more arms with them. Food for the soldiers and others was plentiful. What was needed for the battle was also with them. In short they had enough amenities and provisions for the soldiers.

An allegory is a complete narrative that involves characters and events that stand for an abstract idea or event. In other words, a story, poem, or picture can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. As per the definition of allegory, the poem 'The castle' can be called an allegorical poem. It is a narrative poem with many characters. The narrator, other soldiers, mowers, enemy, wizened warder are the characters depicted in this poem. It clearly says that if one in a big team is willing to cheat others the whole team will fall. The moral of the poem is human greed that will lead to the fall of a mighty army.

Reference :
This line is taken from 'The Castle' written by Edwin Muir.
Context :
The poet says this to explain that they lost the battle because of avarice for gold.
Explanation :
The soldiers were very confident that the enemies could not enter their castle because they had very strong gates and thick and tall walls. Moreover they had enough and more amenities and provisions for the soldiers. They thought the enemies could never win over them. But a wizard warder after receiving gold from the enemies opened the gate to the enemies so the castle fell to the hands of the enemies. Their enemy was not human but gold. So they could not fight.

Reference :
This line is taken from The Castle' written by Edwin Muir.
Context :
The poet says these words at the end to emphasis that it was a shameful story.
Explanation :
The soldiers were very confident that the enemies could not enter their castle because they had very strong gates and thick and tall walls. But all their strength was lost due to the treacherous act of a wizard warder. He received bribery and opened the gates for the enemies. This tale of shame cannot be told to others.

(1) Before the interview, Solomon was confident (2) of getting the job. He knew that he was qualified (3) for the job. He was interested (4) in discharging his duty perfectly. The interview panel was impressed (5) with his attitude and skills. So (6) after the interview, he was (7) on cloud nine.

Ravi was named the captain of the team by them unanimously.

Their leader was expected by the crowd to arrive, early in the morning

isn't there?

haven't they ?

don't I ?

The motorist asked me whether I could direct him to the post office.

The librarian told the students that they were not allowed to scribble anything on the library books.

Gowtham told me that he had been ill last week, but he was better then.

The Principal said that young students must think about the ways to control the use of plastic band in the school campus.