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12th Standard English Medium Chemistry Subject Biomolecules Book Back 5 Mark Questions with Solution Part - I updated Book back Questions

Published on: 13/05/2022

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Std: 12th Standard - Chemistry

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Questions:

Generic 2

3 x 2 = 6

Write a note on formation of α-helix .

Write the structure of α-D (+) glucophyranose

Define enzymes

Generic 3

2 x 3 = 6

What are the functions of lipids in living organism.

What are different types of RNA which are found in cell

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Answers Key:

Generic 2

3 x 2 = 6

α - Helix:
In the a-helix sub-structure, the amino acids are arranged in a right handed helical (spiral) structure and are stabilised by the hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen one amino acid (nth residue) with amino hydrogen of the fifth residue (n + 4^th residue).The side chains of the residues protrude, outside of the helix. Each turn of an a-helix contains about 3.6 residues and is about 5.4 Å long.The amino acid proline produces a kink in the helical structure and often called as a helix breaker due to its rigid cyclic structure.

α-D (+) glucophyranose

(i) Enzymes are naturally occurring simple or conjugated proteins which act as biological catalysts in living systems.
(ii) E.g. Carbonic anhydrase, Lactase, Sucrose

Generic 3

2 x 3 = 6

(i) Lipids ate the integral component of cell membrane. They are necessary of structural integrity of the cell.
(ii) The main function of triglycerides in animals is as an energy reserve. They yield more energy than carbohydrates and proteins.
(iii) They act as protective coating in aquatic organisms.
(iv) Lipids of connective tissue give protection to internal organs.
(v) Lipids help in the absorption and transport of fat soluble vitamins.
(vi) They are essential for activation of enzymes such as lipases.
(vii) Lipids act as emulsifier in fat metabolism.

(i) Ribonucleic acids are similar to DNA. Cells contain up to eight times high quantity of RNA than DNA. RNA is found in large amount in the cytoplasm and a lesser amount in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm it is mainly found in ribosomes and in the nucleus, it is found in nucleolus.
(ii) RNA molecules are classified according to their structure and function into three major types
i. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
ii. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
iii. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
rRNA:
rRNA is mainly found in cytoplasm and in ribosomes, which contain 60% RNA and 40% protein. Ribosomes are the sites at which protein synthesis takes place.
tRNA:
tRNA molecules have lowest molecular weight of all nucleic acids. They consist of 73 - 94 nucleotides in a single chain. The function of tRNA is to carry amino acids to the sites of protein synthesis on ribosomes.
mRNA:
mRNA is present in small quantity and very short lived. They are single stranded, and their synthesis takes place on DNA. The synthesis of mRNA from DNA strand is called transcription. mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. This process is known as translation.