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12th Standard English Medium Chemistry Subject Chemistry In Everyday Life Book Back 2 Mark Questions with Solution Part - I updated Book back Questions

Published on: 13/05/2022

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Std: 12th Standard - Chemistry

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Questions:

Generic 2

3 x 2 = 6

Name one substance which can act as both analgesic and antipyretic.

What are antibiotics?

Which chemical is responsible for the antiseptic properties of dettol.

Generic 3

2 x 3 = 6

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?

Write a note on synthetic detergents

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Answers Key:

Generic 2

3 x 2 = 6

Aspirin (o - acetyl salicylic acid) - is a substance which lowers body temperature and also reduces body pain. So it acts as both analgesic and antiphyretic.

(i) Many micro organisms (bacteria, fungi and moulds) produce certain chemicals which inhibit the growth or metabolism of some other micro organism. Such chemicals are called antibiotics.
(ii) Eg: Penicillin from the mould penicillium notatum

Dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol which imparts antiseptic properties to it.

Generic 3

2 x 3 = 6

S.No	Antiseptics	Disinfectants
1.	Antiseptics are medicines applied to living tissues (living humans).	Disinfectants are applied to inanimated objects.
2.	All the antiseptics are disinfectants.	All the disinfectants are not antiseptics.
3.	They are not ingested or swallowed. Eg: Povidone - iodine.	They can be injected or swallowed. Eg :Hydrogen peroxide, Chlorine compounds

Detergents:
a) Anionic detergents:
These are sodium salt of sulphonated long chain alcohols (or) hydrocarbons. The anionic part of the molecule is involved in the cleansing action.
Eg: sodium lawryl sulphate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate.
Use: Household work & tooth paste.
b) Cationie detergents:
These are quarternary. ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides (or) bromides as anions.
It is the cationic part of the molecule which is involved in cleansing action.
Eg: n-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
c) Non-ionic detergents:
These donot contain any ion. These are esters of high molecular mass alcohols.
Eg: Pentaerythrityl stearate
Use dish washing detergents.

Detergent Type	Example
Anionic detergent	Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS)
Cationic detergent	N - hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride N,N,N - trimethylhexadecan - 1 - aminium chloride
Non - ionic detergent	Pentaerythrityl stearate 3 - hydroxy -2,2 - bis (hydroxymethyl) propyl heptanoate