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Published on: 13/05/2022
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Chemistry Test1.
Give one test to differentiate [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4 and [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl.
2.
Why tetrahedral complexes do not exhibit geometrical isomerism.
3.
Classify the following ligands based on the number of donor atoms.
a) NH3
b) en
c) ox2-
d) pyridine
4.
What is linkage isomerism? Explain with an example.
5.
Write the postulates of Werner’s theory.
1.
These two are ionisation isomers. [Co(NH3)5Cl]SO4 gives white precipitate with BaCl2 solution, but not with AgNO3 solution. [Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl gives curdy white precipitate with AgNO3 solution but not with BaCl2 solution.
2.
Tetrahedral complexes do not exhibit geometrical isomerism. Because the relative position of donor atoms of ligand the unidentate Iigands (donor atom) attached to the central atom are same with respect to each other.
3.
| Ligand | Type of Ligand | Number of donor atoms |
| NH3 | monodentate ligand | 1 |
| en | bidentate ligand | 2 |
| ox2- | bidentate ligand | 2 |
| pyridine | monodentate ligand | 1 |
4.
(i) This is also called as salt isomerism.
(ii) This type of isomers arises when an ambidentate ligand is bonded to the central metal atom/ion through either of its two different donor atoms. In the below mentioned examples, the nitrite ion is bound to the central metal ion Co3+ through a nitrogen atom in one complex and through oxygen atom in other complex.
\(\left[\mathrm{Co}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)_{5}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\right)\right]^{2+}\)
5.
Most of the elements exhibit, two types of valence namely primary valence and secondary valence and each element tend to satisfy both the valences.
The primary valence is referred the oxidation state of the metal atom.
The secondary valence as the coordination number. For example, according to Werner, the primary and secondary valences of cobalt are 3 and 6 respectively.
The primary valence of a metal ions ae always satisfied by negative ions.
For example in the complex CoCI3.6NH3. The primary valence of Co is +3 and is satisfied by 3CI- ions.
The secondary valence is satisfied by negative ions, neutral molecules, positive ions or the combination of these.
For example, in CoCl3.6NH3 complex primary valence of cobalt +3 and it is satisfied by 3 CI-.
The secondary valence of cobalt is 6 and is satisfied by six neutral ammonia molecules. where as in CoCI6.NH3.
Secondary valence of Co = 5{It is satisfied five neutral molecules and a Cl- ion}
According to Werner, there are two spheres of attraction around a metal atom/ion in a complex.
The inner /coordination sphere:
The groups present in this sphere are firmly attached to the metal.
The outer sphere / ionisation sphere:
The groups present in this sphere are loosely bound to the central metal ion and hence can be separated into ions upon dissolving the complex in a suitable solvent.
The primary valencies are non-directional. while the secondary valencies are directional.
The geometry of the complex is determined by the special arrangement of the groups which satisfy the secondary valence.
| Secondary valence | Geometry |
| 4 | Tetrahedral / Square planar |
| 6 | Octahedral |
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