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Published on: 22/06/2021
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Chemistry Test1.
Give the IUPAC name for the following compounds.
(i) [Ag(NH3)2]CI
(ii) K3[Fe(CN)5NO]
(ill) [Cr(PPh3)(CO)3]
(iv) [Ag(NH3)2]+
(v) [FeF6]4-
2.
How are metal carbonyls classified depending on the number of metal atoms?
3.
What are the main assumptions of Valence Bond Theory? Explain.
4.
What is meant by stability of a co-ordination compound in solution? State the factors which govern stability of complexes.
5.
Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and draw the structures for these isomers.
(i) K[Cr(H2O)2 (C2O4)2]
(ii) [Co(en)3]CI3
(iii) [Co(NH3)5(NO2)](NO3)2
(iv) [Pt (NH3)(H2O)CI2]
1.
(i) Diamminesilver(I) chloride
(ii) Potassiumpentacyanidonitrosylferrate(II)
(iii) Ptricarbonyltriphenylphosphanechromium(O)
(iv) diamminesilver(I) ion
(v) Hexafluoridoferrate(II) ion.
2.
Metal carbonyls are classified in two different ways as described below Classification based on the number of metal atoms present.
a. Mononuclear carbonyls
These compounds contain only one metal atom. For example, [Ni(CO)4] - nickel tetracarbonyl is tetrahedral, [Fe(CO)5] - Iron pentacarbonyl is trigonal bipyramidal, and [Cr(CO)6] - Chromium hexacarbonyl is octahedral.
b. Polynuclear carbonyls
Metallic carbonyls containing two or more metal atoms are called polynuclear carbonyls. Polynuclear metal carbonyls may be Homonuclear [Co2(CO)8], [Mn2(CO)10], [Fe3 (CO)12] or heteronuclear [MnCo(CO)9], [MnRe(CO)10] etc.
3.
(i) The ligand ➝ metal bond in a coordination complex is covalent in nature. It is formed by sharing of electrons (provided by the ligands) between the central metal atom and the ligand.
(ii) Each ligand should have at least one filled orbital containing a lone pair of electrons.
(iii) In order to accommodate the electron pairs donated by the ligands, the central metal ion present in a complex provides required number (coordination number) of vacant orbitals.
(iv) These vacant orbitals of central metal atom undergo hybridisation, the process of mixing of atomic orbitals of comparable energy to form equal number of new orbitals called hybridised orbitals with same energy.
(v) The vacant hybridised orbitals of the central metal ion, linearly overlap with filled orbitals of the ligands to form coordinate covalent sigma bonds between the metal and the ligand.
(vi) The hybridised orbitals are directional and their orientation in space gives a definite geometry to the complex ion.
(vii) In the octahedral complexes, if the (n-1) d orbitals are involved in hybridisation, then they are called inner orbital complexes or low spin complexes or spin paired complexes. If the nd orbitals are involved in hybridisation, then such complexes are called outer orbital or high spin or spin free complexes. Here n represents the principle quantum number of the outermost shell.
(viii) The complexes containing a central metal atom with unpaired electron(s) are paramagnetic. If all the electrons are paired, then the complexes will be diamagnetic.
(ix) Ligands such as CO, CN·, en, and NH3 present in the complexes cause pairing of electrons present in the central metal atom. Such ligands are called strong field ligands.
(x) Greater the overlapping between the ligand orbitals and the hybridised metal orbital, greater is the bond strength.
4.
The stability of a complex or co-ordination compound refers to the extent up to which it exists in a solution as co-ordination sphere.
(i) Change on the central metal ion: Greater the charge on the central metal ion, greater the stability of complex.
(ii) Nature of the metal ion: Group 3 and 6 and inner transition elements form stable complexes when donor atoms of the ligands are N, O and F. The elements after group 6 of the transition metals form stable complex when the donor atoms of the ligands are the heavier members of N, O and F family.
(iii) Basic nature of the ligands: Greater the basic strength, greater is the stability of the complex.
(iv) Presence of chelate rings: Its presence increases the stability of the complex. it is called chelate effect. It is maximum for the 5 and 6 membered rings.
(v) Effect of multidentate cyclic ligand: If the ligands are IT multidentate and cyclic without any steric effect the stability of the complex get increased.
5.
(i) It exhibits both geometrical and optical isomerism
(a) Geometrical isomers:
(b) Optical isomers:
(ii) It shows two optical isomers
(iii) Ionisation isomers
Linkage isomers
[Co(NH3)5(NO2)(NO3)2], [CO(NH3)5 (ONO)](NO3)2
(iv) Geometrical isomers
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