B2B
(i) Business to Business involve companies that are selling to other companies such as one business finished products would be the law materials of the other business.
(ii) Whole sales sell their products in bulk from their manufacturing plants to businesses that turn around and sell those products to customers.
B2C
(i) Business to Consumer is the most common E-Commerce companies, which include companies selling finished goods or products to consumers directly through their websites.
(ii) The products could be shipped and delivery from the company's warehouse or directly from the manufacture.

Factors affecting price of the product/service.
(a) Internal Factors:
(i) Marketing objectives
(ii) Marketing Mix strategy
(iii) Organisational considerations
(iv) Costs
(v) Organisation objectives
(b) External Factors:
(vi) The market and demand
(vii) Competition
(viii) Customers
(ix) Suppliers
(x) Legal factors
(xi) Regulatory factors

(i) To exchange goods and services
(ii) To adjust demand and supply by price mechanism.
(iii) To improve the quality of life of the society
(iv) To introduce new modes of life
(v) To develop product by enhancing market segment.

Training is one of the planned activities to transfer or modify knowledge, skill and attitude. Every training programme must address certain vital issues listed below.
(i)  Whom to train? : 
Training department has to determine the candidates for whom the training should be imparted.
(ii)  Who is the trainee? : 
A person who is learning and practicing the skills of particular job is called trainee.
(iii)  Who are trainers? :
Trainer is a person who teaches skills to employee and prepare them for a job activity.
(iv)  What method will be used for training?:
Training segment should decide the appropriate method of training among the various methods of training available.
(v)  What should be level the training? : 
Training department should decide the level of training to be imparted to the employees.
(vi) Where to conduct the training programme?:
The venue of training and duration of training should be fixed based on the  availability of note other related factors.

1. It is necessary because a person of poor health cannot work competently and any investment on him may go waste.
2. lt determines an applicant's physical ability to perform a specitic job.
3. Physical fitness of the candidate under selection to the job concerned.
 

(i) A job portal is a website which helps in the recruitment process by bringing together both the employer and the job seeking candidate.
(ii) The candidate will have to create his profile by uploading his resume which will be ther viewed by the employer as and when there is any opening.
(iii) It is a simplified process of job hunting.
(iv) A job portal also known as a career portal is a modern name for an online job board that helps applicants find jobs and aids employers in their quest to locate ideal candidates.

Insider trading means the buying and selling of securities by directors Promoters, etc. Who have access to some confidential information about the company and who wish to take advantage of the confidential information.

National stock market system was advocated by the Higher powered group on the establishment of New stock Exchanges headed by Shri. M.J. Pherwani (popularly known as pherwani committee).
At present the National stock Market in India comprises the following:
(i) National Stock Exchanges of India Limited (NSE)
(ii) Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited (SHCIL)
(iii) National clearing and Depository System (NCDS)
(iv) Securities Trading Corporation of India. (STCI)

The treasury Bills incorporate the following general features:
(i) Issuer
(ii) Finance Bills
(iii) Liquidity
(iv) Vital Source
(v) Monetary Management

(i) The period between 1947 and 1973 marked the development of infrastructure for capital market.
(ii) During this period, a network of development financial institutions such as IFCI, ICICI, IDBI and UTI, SFCs and SIDCs were established. These financial institutions strengthened the capital market.
(iii) During the period between 1980 and 1992, debenture emerged as a powerful instrument of resource mobilization in the primary market. The public sector bonds were introduced. A number of stock exchanges came into existence. There was a momentous growth in the secondary market.
(iv) SEBI emerged as an effective regulatory body for the primary and secondary markets and afford a measure of protection to small investors. New financial services such as credit rating was introduced.
(v) A number of committees were constituted in order to suggest measures to revamp and restructure the working of the secondary market and cause buoyancy in the primary market.
(vi) A High Powered Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchange, A Committee on Trading in Public Sector Bonds and Units of Mutual Funds.

(i) Secondary market may be defined as the market for old securities, in the sense that securities which are previously issued in the primary market are traded here.
(ii) The trading takes place between investors who follow the original issue in the primary market.
(iii) It covers both stock exchange and over the counter market.

(i) Primarily, it is necessary to set objectives or norms with predictable or estimated results.
(ii) These performances are assessed and get equated to the actual performance. Next, the deviation gets analysed.
(iii) With an insignificant or no deviation; no action is a required and senior managers can concentrate on other matters.
(iv) If actual performances deviates significantly, the issue needs to be passed to the senior managers, as an exception has occurred.
(v) Finally the union is to solve this "exception" immediately.

the main functions of management are:
(i) Planning
(ii) Organising
(iii) Staffing
(iv) Directing
(v) Motivating
(vi) Controlling
(vii) Co-ordination

Taylor propounded the principles of scientific management. They are:
(i) Science, Not Rule of Thumb
(ii) Harmony, Not Discord
(iii) Mental Revolution
(iv) Co-operation, Not individualism
(v) Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity.