(i) E-Business is grounded on technologies such as Network Infrastructures (like the Internet, Intranet, Extranet)
(ii) Multimedia content &network publishing infrastructures (like HTML, Online Marketing)
(iii) Messaging &information distribution infrastructures (like EDI, e-mail, HTTP, Computerized Inventory Management Systems) and
(iv) Other Common business service infrastructures (like electronic payments gateways, globalized. Supply Chain Management (SCM), Online Transaction Processing).

(i) The top level of EDIFACT structure is Interchange.
(ii)  An interchange may contain multiple messages.
(iii) It starts with UNB and ends with UNZ.

(i) A hypertext is a system which consists of nodes, the text and the links between the nodes, which defines the paths the user; need to follow for the text access in non-sequential ways.
(ii) The author of the working system created this structure. The user is permitted to define their own paths in more sophisticated hypertext systems.
(iii) The user is provided with the flexibility and choice to navigate in hypertext.

The number is: 1
The number is: 2
The number is: 3
The number is: 4
The number is: 5
Program:
< ?php
＄ x = 1;
de {
echo "The number is: ＄x
";
＄x++;
} while (＄x < = 5);
? >

(i) Resource sharing means one device accessed by many systems.
(ii) It allows all kind of programs, equipment's and available data to anyone via network to irrespective of the physical location of the resource of them.
(iii) Simply resource sharing is sharing such as printers, scanner, PDA, fax machine, and modems. For example, many computers can accessone printer if it is in networks.

Main components of RFID system
1. RFID tag: It has silicon microchip attached to a small antenna and mounted on a substrate.
2. A reader: It has a scanner with antennas to transmit and receive signals, used for communication.
3. A controller: It is the host computer with a microprocessor which receives the reader input and process the data.

To pass any number of parameters inside a function.
They are specified inside the parenthesis, after the function name.
Syntax:
function School Name($sname, $Strength)
{
echo $sname." in Tamilnadu and Student Strength is".$Strength;
}

Evolution of DBMS:
(i) The concept of storing the data started before 40 years in various formats.
(ii) In earlier days they have used punched card technology to store the data. Then files were used.
(ii) The file systems were known as predecessor of database system.
(iv) Various access methods in file system were indexed, random and sequential access.
The file system had more limitations like.
Data Duplication : Same data is used by multiple resources for processing, thus created multiple copies of same data wasting the spaces.
High Maintenance : Access control and verifying data consistency needs high maintenance cost.
Security : Less security provided to the data.
(v) So database systems became popular to overcome the above limitations of file system.

i). Line Tool - Used to draw straight lines in any direction. 
ii). Ellipse Tool - Used to draw circles and ellipses.
iii). Polygon Tool - Used to draw polygon shape.

Step 1: Login to net banking account using unique user name and password provided by the bank earlier.
Step 2: Add the beneficiary as a payee to enable transfer of fund. The following details like Account Number, Name, IFSC about the beneficiary' are to be filled in the 'Add New Payee'section.
Step 3: Once the beneficiary is added, choose RTGS/ NEFT/ IMPS as mode of Fund Transfer.
Step 4: Select the account to transfer money from, select the payee, enter the amount to be transferred and add remarks (optional).
Step 5: Click on submit.
Step 6: Enter the OTPreceivedto mobile number linked to the corresponding account to complete the transaction.

(i) To avoid the major disadvantage of Flat namespace, hierarchical namespace is used in large
(ii)  Hierarchical namespace is where the name is made up of several parts.
a. First part may represent the nature of the organization.
b. Second part may represent the name of the organization, and
c. Third part may represent the department of the organization and so on.
(iii) In this way the power to control the namespace can be decentralized.
(iv) The centralized authority can be given to nature and then to the name of the organization and so on.
(v) To achieve hierarchical namespace, Domain Name Space was designed.

The Internet Explosion
(i) Internet is simply defined as the World Wide Web connection of individual networks which operated by academic, industry, government, and private parties.
(ii)  The Internet served to interconnect with laboratories engaged at government research, and from 1994 it is expanded to serve millions of user and a multiple purpose in all parts of this universe.
(iii) In few years, the Internet built itself as a highly powerful platform that changed their way we do business and the way we communicate. Internet promotes as the universal source of information of billions of people, at work, at home, at school. Internet gave high communication medium, has given an international, "Globalised" at all dimension of the world.
(iv) Internet is growing all the time. By two things, have marked its evolution nowadays the mobile technology and social web. These two innovations have been changed the people life style to use Internet. We may find many communities in social web. Facebook was created in 2004 but gowned into world wide network all over more than 2,230 million active users.
(v) Mobile technology on hand made possible to great reach of Internet and increase the Internet user all over the world.
(vi) The Internet allows all to be democratic in mass media. Anyone can have a webpage in
(vii) Internet with very low investment. Similarly any business can reach a very large market directly, economically and fast, no matter of location or size of their business. Almost anyone that who san read and write can have a access and a presence in World Wide Web with very low investment. People everywhere can express and publish their ideas and opinions via blogging.

1. The most common cryptographic protocol is Secure Sockets Layers (SSL). SSL is a hybrid encryption protocol for securing transactions over the internet. The SSL standard was developed by Netscape in collaboration with Mastercard, Bank of America, MCI and silicon graphics.
2. Today, all browsers in the market support SSL, and most of the secure communication are proceeded through this protocol. SSL works completely hidden for the users, who does not have to intervene in the protocol.
3. The only thing the user has to do is make sure on URL starts with https://instead of http:// where "s" obviously means secured.
4. SSL was renamed as TLS (Transport Layer Security) in 2001.

Types of open source licenses are:
(i) Apache License 2.0
(ii) BSD 3-Clause 'New' or 'Revised' license
(iii) BSD 2-Clause "simplified" or "Free BSD" license
(iv) GNU General Public License (GPL)
(v) GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)
(vi) MIT license
(vii) Mozilla Public License 2.0
(viii) Common Development and Distribution License
(ix) Eclipse Public License
(i) Apache License:
Apache License version 2.0 rights can be applied to both copyrights and patents. Some of the license can be applied only to copyrights and not patents some details of Apache License and Rights are never ending, Worldwide Authority of Rights, Rights for No few or Royalty, Rights are Irrevocable.
(ii) BSD License:
BSD license is a part of a family of the free software license that have much fewer restrictions in distribution as compared to other free software license. Two important version are:
(1) The New BSD License/The NEW Modified BSD License (3 clause "new" or "Revised" license)
(2) The simplified BSD License/Free BSD License (2-clause "simplified" or "free BSD" license)
Both have been accepted as open source license by the open source initiative.
The primary difference between the New and the simplified BSD License is that simplified BSD license emits this clause.
(iii) GNU General Public License:
The General Public License are copy the software, Distribution, charge a fee, change the code base.
(iv) GNU Lesser General Public License:
It grants fewer right to work than GNU GPL. It's generally appropriate for libraries and projects that want to allow linking from non-GPL and non-open-source software. GPL. requires any other project or source that is using the project under GPL also be licensed as GPL: GPL licensed code can't be used for paid and proprietary software.
(v) MIT License:
It's the shortest and most used popular open source license. The main giving of this licnese are copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, etc.

INTERNET:
(i) The Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks- A network of networks where the users at any one computer can get information from any other computer.
(ii) The Internet is a network of global connections - comprising private, public, business, academic and government networks connected by guided, wireless and fiber-optic technologies.
(iii) The unique aim was to generate a network that would permit users of a research computer from one university to "talk to" research computers on other universities.
(iv) The Internet denotes to the global communication system, including infrastructure and hardware, whereas the web is one of the services interconnected over the Internet.
INTRANET:
(i) Intranet is a private network within an enterprise to share company data and computing resources between the employees.
(ii) It may consist of many interlinked local area networks.
(iii) It includes connections through one or more gateway (connects two networks using different protocols together known as protocol convertor) computers to outside Internet.
EXTRANET: Extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication system to securely share business information with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other business.

MySQL function in PHP:
In PHP Scripting language many functions are available for MySQL Database connectivity and executing SQL queries.
MySQLi is extension in PHP scripting language which gives access to the MYSQL database. MySQLi extension was introduced version 5.0.0,
The MySQLi extension contains the following important functions which are related to MySQL database connectivity and management.
i) Mysqli_connect() Function
ii) Mysqli_close() Function
iii) Mysqli_query() Function
(i) Database Connections:
Before accessing MySQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect() Function.
Syntax :
mysqli_connect("Server Name "User Name","Password"DB Name");
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password anda Database Name.
(ii) Managing Database Connections :
The below code describes managing database connection methods and features.

The mysqli_connect function uses these variables to connect Database server to PHP. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.
(iii) Performing Queries :
The main goal of MySQL and PHP connectivity is to retrieve and manipulate the data from MYSQL database server. The SQL query statements help in PHP MySQL extension to achieve the objective of MYSQL and PHP connection. "mysqli_query" is a function, that helps to execute the SQL query statements in PHP scripting language.
Syntax:
mysqli_query("Connection Object","SQL Query")
Example:

Closing Connection :
mysqli_close() Function is used to close an existing opened database connection between PHP scripting and MySQL Database Server.

1. The foreach statement is used to loop through arrays.
2. The loop iteration depends on KEY value pair in the array.
3. In the loop iteration, the value of the current array element is assigned to $value and the array pointer is shifted by one until it reaches the end of the array element.

Syntax
for each (＄array as ＄value)
{
code to be ex
}
Examples:
＄student_name = array ("Sriakshaya, "Sriram, "Srisai, "Srivatchan");
for each ($student_name as $value)
{
echo $value
";
}
?>
Output:
Sriakshaya
Sriram
Srisai
Srivatchan

Indexed array:
An indexed array is an array that uses a numeric index to access its elements. The index is a number that starts at 0 for the first element and increases by 1 for each subsequent element.
We can create an indexed array in PHP,
(i) by enclosing a comma-separated list of values in square brackets (or)
(ii) by using the array() function.
Syntax
$array Variable=[element1, element2, element 3, ... elementN];
(or)
$arrayVariable array( element1, element2, element3.... elementN);
Examples
(a) $fruits = ['apple, "banana, 'orange'];
(b) $fruits = array('apple, "banana, 'orange');



Associative array
An associative array is a data structure that store a collection of key-value pairs. The keys are used to identify the values, and the values can be of any data type. The keys in an associative array are often called "labels" because they label or identify the corresponding values.
We can create an associative array in PHP,
(i) by enclosing a comma-separated list of key-value pairs in square brackets (or) 
(ii) by using the array() function.
Syntax

$arrayVariable [ "key1" => "value1", "key2"=>"value2", "key3"=>"value3" "key N=> "valueN" ];

Example
$student [
"Name" => "Ram",
"Age" => 25,
"Place" => "Trichy"
];

To place text in a Frame
(i) Click on any one Frame tool from the Toolbox.
(ii) Draw a frame with one of PageMaker's Frame tools (Rectangle frame tool (or) Ellipse Frame Tool (or) Polygon frame Tool). Make sure the objects remains selected.
(iii) Click on File > Place. The Place dialog box will appears.
(iv) Locate the document that contains the text you want to place, select it.
(v) Click on Open.
(vi) Click in a frame to place the text in it.The text will be placed in the frame.

A magnetics tripe or chip card that holds the value of money to offer as a gift by a E - business

Ed Guilbert is called as the father of EDI

Path Animation : Path animation involves moving an objecton a screen that has a constant background.
Frame Animation : In frame animations, multiple objects are allowed to travel simultaneously and the background or the objects also changes.

Switch statements work the same as if statements but they can check for multiple values at a time

INSERT, SELECT,UPDATE and DELETE.

A significant output of simulation is the trace files. Trace files can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination.

Wired Network	Wireless Network
(i)This system is connected with network cable	(i) This network is connecting devices without cables (WiFi)
(ii) Examples: speakers,CCTV, printers, outdoors and scanners etc.	(ii) Example: Tablets (tab), indoor cameras and E-readers etc.

If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. Multiple conditions can be checked and action is based on the result of the condition.