(i) The e-commerce system is operated on all days and all day.
(ii) It is able to conduct business 24 x 7.
(iii) People can interact with businesses at the time of their convenience.
(iv) Speed is a major advantage of E-Commerce.
(v) Advanced Electronic communications systems allow messages to reach across the world instantaneously
(vi) The Internet is too easy to 'shop around' for products and services that may be more cheaper and effective It provides an opportunity to bu at reduced costs.
(vii) It is possible to, explore the Internet, identify original manufacturers, thereby bypass wholesalers and achieve a cheaper price.
(viii) Customers can have a wide choice by comparing and evaluating the same product at different websites before making a purchase decision.
(ix) Customers can shop from home or anywhere at their convenience.
(x) Payments can also be made through online.

(i) Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative grade network monitoring and management platform.
(ii) It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers and by the Open NMS Group.
(iii) It offering services, training, and support.
The goal is for Open NMS
(i) The goal is for Open NMS to be an actually distributed, scalable management application platform for all features of the FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security) network management model.
(ii) Presently the emphasis is on Fault and Performance Management.
It was intended to cope tens of thousands of devices from a single server as well as achieve unlimited devices using a cluster of servers.
Features:
(i) OpenNMS comprises a discovery engine to routinely configure and manage network devices without operator intervention. It is written in Java and is issued under the GNU (General Public License.)
(ii) OpenNMS is the World's first software for Network monitor and management with opensource options.
OpenNMS- Types:
There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.
Meridian: When we need stability and long term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
Horizon:
(i) It is used where innovation occurs frequently.
(ii) It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technology monitoring.
History:
(i) OpenNMS was Released in 1999 by Steve Giles, Brian Weaver, and Luke Rindfuss.
(ii) In 2004 OpenNMS Group was created by Balog, Matt Brozowski, and David Hustace.
(iii) It is written in Java and can run on all type of platform.
(iv) It gives us Event management & Notification, Discovery & Provisioning, service monitoring, and Data Collection.
(v) Won a lot of awards for best of opensource software.

(i) Immediate money transfers through mobile device round the clock 24 x 7.
(ii) Can use single mobile application for accessing multiple bank accounts
(iii) Single Click Authentication for transferring of fund.
(iv) It is not required to enter the details such as Card no, Account number, IFSC etc. for every transaction.
(v) Electronic payments will become much easier without requiring a digital wallet or credit or debit card

(i) Contact smart cards
1. Contact smart cards have a contact area of approximately 1 square centimeter, comprising several gold plated contact pads.
2. These pads provide electrical connectivity only when inserted into a reader, which is also used as a communications medium between the smart card and a host. e.g. a point of sale terminal(POS).
(ii) Contactless smart cards
1. Contactless smart card is empowered by RF induction technology.
2. Unlike contact smart cards, these cards require only near proximity to an antenna to communicate.
3. Smartcards, whether they are contact or contactless cards do not have an internal power source.
4. Instead, they use an inductor to capture some of the interrupting radio-frequency signal, rectify it and power the card's processes.

1. Most credit cards are accepted worldwide.
2. It is not necessary to pay physical money at the time of purchase.
3. The customer gets an extra period to pay the purchase.
4. Depending on the card, there is no need to pay annuity.
5. Allows purchase over the Internet in installments
6. Some issuers allows "round up" the purchase price and pay the difference
7. In cash to make the transactions easy

(i) Cut the cable with desired length
(ii) Strip the insulation sheath about 1 inch from both ends of the cable and expose the twisted pair wires
(iii) After stripping the wire, untwist the smaller wires and arrange them into the proper wiring scheme, T568B preferred generally.
(iv) Bring the wires tighter together and cut them down so that they all have the same length (1/2 inch).
(v) Insert the all 8 colored wires into the eight grooves in the connector. The wires should be inserted until the plastic sheath is also inside the connector.
(vi) Use the crimping tool to lock the RJ45connector on the cable. It should be strong enough to handle manual traction. Now it is ready for data transmission.
(vii) Use a cable tester to verify the proper connectivity of the cable, if need.

Pagemaker provides several methods for navigating the pages in your publication.
Method 1 :
You can move from one page to anotherby using the Page up and Page down keys on your keyboard. This is probably the navigation methods you will use most often.
Method 2:
You can move from one page to another by using the page icons at the left bottom of the screen. Click on the page icon that corresponds to the page that you want to view. The page is displayed.
Method 3:
Using the Go to Page dialog box.
To go to a specific page in a document
1. Choose Layout > Go to Page in the menu bar (or) Press Alt + Ctrl + G in the keyboard. Now the Go to Page dialog box appears.
2. In the dialog box, type the page number that you want to view
3. Then click on OK. The required page is displayed on the screen.

To draw a rounded-corner rectangle:
1. Double-click the Rectangle tool in the toolbox. The Rounded Corners dialog box appears
2. Choose a corner setting from the preset shapes
3. Click on OK. The cursor changes to a crosshair.
4. Click and drag anywhere on the screen
5. Release the mouse button when the rectangle is the desired size. Press the Shift key as you draw to constrain the shape to a rounded corner square.

Character Formatting using Character Specifications Dialog Box
Character formatting means displaying text in a certain way. Character formatting consists of text properties - bold, italic, underline, font type, font size, font colour, etc.
The steps to apply character formatting to text are as follows:
1. Select the text to be formatted.
2. Choose Type > Character in menu bar (or) Press Ctrl + T on the keyboard. The Character Specifications dialog box appears.
3. Make the appropriate changes in the dialog box.
a. Click the drop-down menu arrow of the Font box and select the desired font.
b. Click the drop-down menu arrow of the Font Size box and select the font size.
c. Click the drop-down menu arrow of the Font Color box and select the desired colour.
d. Click the Bold, Italic, or Underline buttons to make the text bold, italic, or underlined respectively.
4. Click on OK.
Character Formatting using the Control Palette:
a. The Control Palette is especially useful when you are doing lot of formatting
b. Its features change based on the object that is selected on your layout.
c. If the Control palette is not showing then use the following steps:
1. Click on Window> Show Control Palette sequence in the menu bar. (or)
2. Press Ctrl + in the keyboard. Now the Control Palette appears on the window
To modify character attributes using the Character Control Palette:
1. Select the text you want to modify.
2. Make the appropriate changes in the Control palette.

1. Click on one of a Frame tool from the Toolbox
2. Draw a frame with one of PageMaker's Frame tools (Rectangle frame tool or Ellipse Frame Tool or Polygon frame Tool). Make sure the object remains selected.
3. Click on File. The File menu will appear.
4. Click on Place. The Place dialog box will appear.
5. Locate the document that contains the text you want to place, select it.
6. Click on Open.
7. Click in a frame to place the text in it. The text will be placed in the frame.

Multimedia technologyis adopted by the libraries in various functions like multimedia kiosks, user orientation programs etc. Following is the brief account of multimedia technology applications in libraries.
1. Multimedia Kiosk
(i) Kiosk is a free-standing furnished equipped multimedia computer that allows users to retrieve information via a touch screen. It is commonly used in airports and other public locations to provide directions and few mandatory information's.
(ii) In an library, Kiosk is usually located nearthe entrance of the library, used for displaying announcements, reading lists, comments and suggestions from library users and other information's about operations and programs of the library.
2. Webcasting and Video Conferencing
(i) The live telecast of real time programs through internet is known as Webcasting.
(ii) Video conferencing isthe process of conducting conference between more than two participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio and video data.
3. User Orientation Program
(i) The role of multimedia plays anvital role in training the librarians in schools, colleges and universities due to its interactivity. Hence, it is used in depth subject training to their faculties .
4. In-house Production of Multimedia Resources and E-publishing
(i) Many libraries produce multimedia resources in-house, to serve the parent organization.Introduction of CD/DVD and their writershas solved few of the problem of libraries in storing or achieving the materials.
(ii) Multimedia tools along with CD-writers is made possible to publish information from dlfferent sources in a most easy to use and acceptable form tolibrary users.
5. Digital Multimedia Libraries
(i) Information's are available indigital formats that include digital books, scann ed images, graphics and digitized audlo-visuat clips etc
(ii) Initially digital library projects were based only on textual data, later it was on all other media elements like images, audio and video recordings were also integrated under the collection of digital library.

(i)It is a process of taking down an E-Commerce site by sending continuous overwhelming request to its server .
(ii) This attack will be conducted from numerous unidentified computers using botnet. This attack will slow down and make the server inoperative.
(iii) DDoS attacks is also called as network flooding.

Payment frauds have subsets like Friendly fraud (when customer demands false reclaim or refund), Clean fraud (when a stolen credit card is used to make a purchase) Triangulation fraud (fake online shops offering cheapest price and collect credit card data) etc.

(i) Domain can consist of Alphabets a through z, and the digits 0 through 9.
(ii) Hyphens are allowed, but hyphens can not be used as first character of a domain name.
(iii) Spaces are not allowed
(iv) Special symbols (such as !, $, &, _ and so on) are not permitted .
(v) Domain names have the minimum length of 2, and the maximum length of 63 characters. The entire name may be at most 253 characters long.
(vi) Domain names are not case-sensitive. (It may be upper, lower or mixing of both case letters).

1. File upload is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine.
2. Form tag is used to mention a method as POST or GET and encrypt attribute mentioned as "multipart/form-data".
3. In the < Input > tag mention type="file" attribute shows the input field as a file-select control, with a "Browse" button next to the input control.
4. The form above sends data to a file.
5. In Server machine "php.ini" file, search for the file_uploads directive, and set it to On: "file_uploads = On"
6. After submitting the upload button the request reaches to the file.
7. In the file ＄FILES variable collects all uploaded file information such as name of the file, size of the file and extension of the file etc.
8. All the details are checked thoroughly and the errors are saved in an array variable.
9. The file finally moves under the image directory if the array error variable is empty.

 (i) 4G is at the research stage. 4G was based on an adhoc networking model where there was no need for a fixed infrastructure operation.
(ii)  Adhoc networking requires global mobility features (e.g. Mobile IP) and connectivity to a global IPv6 network to support an IP addressfor each mobile device. Logicallyroaming in assorted IP networks (for example: 802.11 WLAN,
(iii) GPRSand UMTS) were be possible with higher data rates, from 2Mbit/s to 10-100Mbit/s, offering reduced delays and newly services.
(iv) Mobile devices will not expect on a fixed infrastructure, they will require enhanced intelligence to self-configure in adhoc networks and having routing capabilities to route over packets switched network.

(i)  The second generation of mobile systems was placed on digital transmission with GSM.
(ii) GSM stands for (Global System for Mobile communication) was most popular standard which is used in second generation, using 900MHl and 1800MHz for the frequency bands.
(iii) GSM mobile systems grown digital transmission using SIM. SIM stands for (Subscriber Identity Module) technology to authenticate a user for identification and bllling purposes and to encrypt the data to prevent listen without permission (eaves dropping).
(iv)  The transmission used as TDMA. TMDA stands for (Time Division Multiple Access) and CDMA One stands for (Code Division MultipleAccess ) method to increase the amount of information transported on the network.
(v) Mobility is supported at layer 2, which stops seamless roaming across assorted access networks and routing domains. This means each operator must cover the entire area or have agreements in place to permit roaming.

These social networks share several attributes in common:
Membership.
Social nets all generally requires user to register namesand accounts for avoid duplicate and secrecy so many public networks offer free registration, but some charge fees for their premium services. Private networks (such as BANK ACCOUNT HOLDERS groups) restrict registration to people who meet certain eligibility criteria.
Content contribution.
These networks allow members to easily share comments, movies, music, short films and/or photos with others.
Frequent return visits.
Healthy social net takes a centers around a base of members who check in regularly to contribute theirs and also for new updates.
Human relationship building.
The common goal of most social networks is allowing the interactions that build stronger connections with in communities of people

< ?php
＄today=date("D'') ;
switch(＄today)
{
case"Mon":
echo"Today is Monday. ";
break;
case''Tue'':
echo''Today is Tuesday.";
break;
case''Wed'':
echo''Today is Wednesday.";
break;
case''Thu'':echo''Today is Thursday.";
break;
case"Fri":
echo''Today is Friday. Party tonight.";
break;
case"Sat":echo''Today is Saturday.";
break;
case"Sun":
echo''Today is Sunday.";
break;
default:
echo"No information available for that day.";
break;
}
? >